??? ????

??? ??????? (? ?????? : Primate city ) ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? . ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????, ???? ?? ????. ??? ???? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??, ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????, ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????. ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ? ?????? ???????? ?????. ^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ? ?????? ???? ??????????. ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???, ??????????? ???? ?? ???. ???? ??? ? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ? ??? ????? ?? "????? ?????". ????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ? ?????? ?? ??????? , ????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ???????, ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????. ????? ?????? ????? ???, ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ???????. ^[5]^[2]^[6]

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?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????, ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??????, ??? ????? ??? ????? ???????, ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????, ?????, ??????, ????? ?????. ^[2]

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?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????. ???? ?? ???? ?????? ? ??????? , ???? ? ??????? , ??????? ? ????? ? ???? ? ???? . ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??-?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????, ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????. ?? ???? ???? ?????, ?????? ? ????????? .

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???? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????. ^[7]^[8]

?????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ????, ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?'??? ????, ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? "??? ???? ?????". ????? ?? ???? ????, ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????, ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????: ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????, ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ??????, ??????? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ?????? ? ??? ????. ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???????, ??????: ??? ?? ?'????? ? ??? ????? ? ????? . ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? "??? ???? ?????" ???? ????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ???? ?????. ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???????, ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????, ???????, ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ??????. ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????, ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???. ^[6]

??????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? (?????? ????, ??????, ???, ??????). ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????.

? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? (????? ????? ?? ?????? ???) ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ????????.
???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? (????? ???? ??????) ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? (?????? ?????, ????, ????).
???? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??????, ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????.
???? ???? ?????? ???????, ??? ???? ???? ???????? (????? ????????) ????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? (?? ???? ?????) ????? ?????? ???? ??????? (??????, ??????, ????? ?????? ??????). ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?"????? ?????".
?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??: ????? ??????, ?????, ??????, ????????????, ??? ???, ??? ????? ????, ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????.
??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? "????? ?????" ????? ??????? ????? ????: ?????? ??????, ???? ????? ???? ?????, ????, ???? ???? ????. ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????????. ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????.

??????? ???? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? , ???? ??????? , ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???? ?-3.2 ?????? ?????? (2009), ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????. ???? ?? ???? , ???? ?????? ?????? ??????, ???????? ?? ?-250 ??? ??????. ^[6]
?? ????-??? - ?????????? ??? ?? ???????? 4 ?????? ??????, ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????. ??? ??, ?? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ??????? , ?? ????-??? ????? ?? ???? ? ????? , ? ????? , ? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ????? , ???? ??? ??? ????.
?????? , ???? ?????? , ????? 2010 ????? ?????????? ????? ?? 40 ?????????? ???? ???????? , ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? (??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????). ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????, ????? ???? ???? ?????, ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????. ^[6]
?????? ???? ? ???? ?? ?-20 ?????? ??????, ???? ????? ?????? ??????, ???????? , ???? ????? ?????? ??????. ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????????: ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? . ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????, ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????. ????? ????? ????? ???????, ???? ?????? ?????. ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ????. ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????. ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??????.
???? , ???? ??? , ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???? ?-9,241,961 ?????? (2006). ???? ?? ?????? , ???? ?????? ?????? ??????, ???????? ?? ?-1,287,205 ?????? (2015). ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????. ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????: ?????? ???? ??????, ?????? ????? ?"???? ??????" ? ?????? ??????. ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????, ???? ?? ??????.

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????, ????? ?????? ????, ????? ??????????, ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???.

???? ?-19 [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? 1800 ??? ?? 3% ?????? ????? ??-750 ?????? ???????? ??? 5,000 ??? ?????, ???? ?? 45 ???? ???? 100 ??? ??? ?????. ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ? ???? , ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????. ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ? ?????? , ??? ???? ??????? ???, ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???. ???? 1900 ??? ??? ??????? 147 ???? ???? 100 ??? ???. ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?-13 ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???.

???? ?"???? ????????" [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????. ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????. ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???????, ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????, ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????, ???? ????? ?????? ???? ? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????????, ?? ????? ???????? ?????????. ?? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ??? "???? ????? ????????" ???????: "???? ???? ????????".

???? ?????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? " ????? ??????? ". ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????, ??? ???? ????? ???????? ????????, ??? ???? ????????, ??? ??????? ???? ????????, ??? ????? ??????. ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????. ^[6]

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ “It’s Obvious, It’s Wrong, and Anyway They Said It Years Ago”? Paid Kriigniaii on Large Cities , ???? ??????
^ ¹ ² ³ ????? ????, ????? ??????????, ????? ???? ?????? ??????. , ????? ???? ? ?????????? ?? ????, ??? ??????: 2002
^ ?????? ????? ???? ????, ?????: ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????- ???? ??????: ????????? ?????????, ???????? ????- ??? ?????. , ????? ????? ?????., 1995
^ ???: ????? ?????????? ???????., ?????? ?????????? , ???? http://lib.cet.ac.il/pages/item.asp?item=6691 , ‏1997-2003
^ ¹ ² ????, ?????, ????????? ???????: ?????? , ???? http://primo.nli.org.il/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=ULI&docId=ULI_Main001447809 , ‏?? ????: ??????, 1994
^ ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ????? ???, ????? ??????, ???? ????, ?????? ??????? ?????? , ???? http://www.school.kotar.co.il/KotarApp/Viewer.aspx?nBookID=94410390#171.4504.7.fitwidth
^ ???? ?????? ?????????, ???? ??????? ??????? , ???? iw.lipsumtech.com, "?? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????".
^ H.G. Overman, Anthony J. Venables, Cities in the developing world , personal.lse.ac.uk, ‏25 ???? 2005 (???????)

[1] “It’s Obvious, It’s Wrong, and Anyway They Said It Years Ago”? Paid Kriigniaii on Large Cities , ???? ??????

[הערה_מספר_20170428044123:0-2] ¹ ² ³ ????? ????, ????? ??????????, ????? ???? ?????? ??????. , ????? ???? ? ?????????? ?? ????, ??? ??????: 2002

[3] ?????? ????? ???? ????, ?????: ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????- ???? ??????: ????????? ?????????, ???????? ????- ??? ?????. , ????? ????? ?????., 1995

[4] ???: ????? ?????????? ???????., ?????? ?????????? , ???? http://lib.cet.ac.il/pages/item.asp?item=6691 , ‏1997-2003

[הערה_מספר_20170428044123:1-5] ¹ ² ????, ?????, ????????? ???????: ?????? , ???? http://primo.nli.org.il/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=ULI&docId=ULI_Main001447809 , ‏?? ????: ??????, 1994

[הערה_מספר_20170428044123:2-6] ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ????? ???, ????? ??????, ???? ????, ?????? ??????? ?????? , ???? http://www.school.kotar.co.il/KotarApp/Viewer.aspx?nBookID=94410390#171.4504.7.fitwidth

[7] ???? ?????? ?????????, ???? ??????? ??????? , ???? iw.lipsumtech.com, "?? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????".

[8] H.G. Overman, Anthony J. Venables, Cities in the developing world , personal.lse.ac.uk, ‏25 ???? 2005 (???????)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]