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Sierra Nevada
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????	?? ????? 4,421 ?????
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???????????	36°34′42.9″N 118°17′31.2″W / 36.578583°N 118.292000°W
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????? ???? (? ?????? : Sierra Nevada ) ??? ??? ???? ????? ? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? , ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? . ?????? ??????? (?? ??? ??????) ?? ???? ?? ?????, ?????? ?????? ????????.

???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????. ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? , ?????? ??????? , ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????. ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? , ???? ????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ???????? .

?? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ??????? ????? ??? ? ??? ???? ???? ?- 1542 ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???????? , ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ? ?????? ??? ???? ? ????? . ???? ????? ? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ????????, ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ^[1]. ?????? 1776 ? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ???? , ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????, ???? ?? ????? ???? ???:

???? ??? ???????? ?????? ????-???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????, ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??, ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????. ??????, ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????, ?????? ?? ??????? ?????, ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????-????-???? ?????-????-????

? ^[2]

?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ? ??? , ?????? ??? ??'?? ???? ^[3]. ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ? ??????? .

???????? ?? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ? ????? , ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ? ???? ??????? ?????. ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ^[4]. ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????. ??????? ? ??????? - ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?-40 ?? ???? ?-19 . ????? 1844 ?????? ?'?? ??????? ? ??? ????? ??? ? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????.

? ???? ?-60 ?? ???? ?-19 ??? ???? ???? ?? ????, ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ^[5]^[6]. ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ????????? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? (?????? ?? ??? ??????). ???? ????? ????? ???? ?'???? ????? .

???? ??????, ?????? ?????? ?????, ?'???? ?. ????? ? ?????? ???? , ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?- 1863 ? ???? ?????? ??????? ^[5]. ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????, ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???. ???? ??? ?- 1871 ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????, ????? ????. ????, ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? (?????? ?????? ????? ????) ??? ???? ?? ??? ? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ^[5].

?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????. ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?'?? ???? , ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ^[5].

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?? ?????? ???? ? ??? ????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ??????????

???? ???? ??? ?-650 ?"?, ???? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ? ???? ????'??? ????? ^[7]. ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? , ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? .

?????? ????????????? ???? ???? ??????????? ??? ??????-?????, ???? ??? ??????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ???????.

???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????, ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ^[7]. ???, ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???. ? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ? ???????? ???? , ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ^[8]. ????, ? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???'?? , ???? ?? ????????? ????.

????????? ? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??:

??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????, ????? ????? ?? 1,897 ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? 489 ??"? ^[9]. ? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ^[9].
? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??' ??'? , ??? ??????? , ????? ????? , ??? ??????? ?????? ???.
????? ?????? ???????
?? ????? ?????? 4,421 ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?-48 ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ^[10], ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? .
?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ^[11].

???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????. ??? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? 1,524 ?-2,438 ?????. ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ???? ????? 2,700 ?????, ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? 3,316 ?????. ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? 3,285 ?????, ????? ???? ?????? ?? ? ??? ???? ??????. ???? ????? ?????? ? ???? ??????? ??? ?-4,000 ?????, ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? 4,421 ????? ??? ?????. ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????, ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? (3,781 ?????) ????? ?????'? (3,695 ?????). ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?-3,048 ????? (10,000 ??? ), ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? 2,438 ????? ^[12].

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? ? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????

??? ? ???? ? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ? ??? ?????-??????? . ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ? ????? . ????? ? ????? , ???? ?-210 ?????? ????, ???? ?????? ??-?????? ?????? ?? ??? ? ???? ???????? ???? ?-150 ?????? ????. ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????-??????? ?????-????. ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ? ???????? ???? , ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?-4,500 ?????. ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????. ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????. ? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? , ?????? ? ????? ????? ????? ? ???? . ????? ?? ???? ?? ? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?-10 ?"? ???? ???? ????, ???? ????????? ??? ????? ????. ? ???? ????? ????? ? ????? , ??-95% ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ????.

? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??-????? ???? ???? ?-120 ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?-80 ?????? ????, ?????? ? ???????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? , ? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ???? ??? ? ????? ???? ?-20 ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?-5 ?????? ????, ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???. ? ???????? , ???? ?-700,000 ????, ????? ? ????? ?? ???? ????. ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????, ???? ?-60,000 ???, ??????? ? ?????? , ???? ?-600 ????. ?????? ?????? ? ????? ????-????? (Mono-Inyo) ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??.

? ?????? , ???? 10 ?????? ????, ???? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????, ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????, ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????. ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????, ??????? ????? ????-??? ????? ????? ?????? ^[13] ? ????? . ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????, ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????, ???????? ???? ??? ???? ^[14]^[15]. ???? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ? ???????? , ???? ?-2 ?????? ????.

????? ?????? ? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????. ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? 2?3 ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ?-10,000 ???? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ?????. ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????, ????????? ????????: "??????" ?? "???-????" (pre-Tahoe) ??? ?????? ????? ??????: ???? , "???????" ?"?????". ??????? ?????, ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? V ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? U.

???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????, ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????, ???? ????? ? ?????? ???? ??????.

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ^[16]:

???? ?????? ?? ????, ????? 1,500 ?? 2,000 ?????, ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ? ???? . ????? ??????: Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus , ??? ????-?????? ????? .
??? ???? ????: ???? ?????? ????? ?? 1,000 ?? 2,100 ?????, ????? ?????? ????? 2,100 ?? 2,600 ?????. ????? ??????: ???? ?'??? , ???? ???? , ?????? ????? , ???? ???? ????-??? , ??? ???? ??????? .
??? ???? ????: ???? ?????? ????? ?? 2,100 ?? 2,700 ?????, ????? ?????? ????? ?? 2,600 ????? ?? 3,100 ?????. ????? ??????: ???? ????? , ???? ????? , ???? ????? , ??? .
??? ??-??????: ???? ?????? ????? 2,700 ?? 3,100 ?????, ????? ?????? ????? 3,100 ?? 3,500 ?????. ????? ??????: ???? ???-????? ? ???? ????? ( Pinus balfouriana , ????? ?? ???? ???-????) ? ??? ?????? ??????? .
??? ??????: ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? 3,100 ?????, ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? 3,500 ?????. ????? ??????: ???? , ?????? ?????-??? , ?? ????? ? ??? ??? ????-?????? ( Ovis canadensis sierrae ).

????? ? ??????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????, ????? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ??? ??? 500 ?-2,000 ?"?, ???? ?????? ????? ? ??? ????? ????? ???? 1,400 ?????. ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????, ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? . ???? ? ????????? ???? ??? ??? 5 ?-16 ????? ??????. ???? ?????? ????? ??? 20 ?-230 ???, ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ^[17].

????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????-?????. ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? . ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ? ?????????? . ???? ?- 2004 ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????. ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????, ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????. ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?-50 ^[18].

?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ? ???? ?? ??? , ??????? ??? ????? ? ??? ????? ? ??? ????? ?????? "???? ????? ????" ^[19].

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??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? climber.org
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???? ?? ????? ???? ???? SummitPost
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???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? "VirtualParks"
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^ Francis P. Farquhar, Exploration of the Sierra Nevada , California Historical Society Quarterly, March 1925
^ Expanded Diary of Pedro Font - 4/2/1776 , Retrieved on 2007, Access month day: February 3
^ Muir, John (1894). Mountains of California .
^ Charles Hoffmann, Notes on Hetch-Hetchy Valley , Proceedings of the California Academy of Science, 1868, Volume 1, Issue 3:5, Pages 368 - 370, Retrieved on 2006-09-27
^ ¹ ² ³ ⁴ Roper, Steve (1997). Sierra High Route: Traversing Timberline Country . The Mountaineers Press. ISBN 0-89886-506-9 .
^ Moore, James G. (2000). Exploring the Highest Sierra . Stanford University Press . ISBN 0-8047-3703-7 .
^ ¹ ² Sierra Nevada , Ecological Subregions of California, United States Forest Service
^ The Great Basin , Great Basin National Park, U.S. National Park Service, Retrieved on 2007-05-12
^ ¹ ² Facts about Lake Tahoe , USGS, Retrieved on 2007-05-12
^ Current Survey Control GT1811 , National Geodetic Survey
^ The General Sherman Tree , U.S. National Park Service
^ California State map, 2007.
^ ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ??????
^ Geologic History of California , Joel Michaelsen
^ ??? ???? (basin and range) ? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????
^ Schoenherr, Allan A. (1995). A Natural History of California . UC Press. ISBN 0-520-06922-6 .
^ Sierran Steppe - Mixed Forest - Coniferous Forest , Ecological Subregions of the United States, US Forest Service, Retrieved on 2007-01-27
^ A Brief History of Soaring at Inyokern Airport , Bertha Ryan, Inyokern Airport Album
^ Austin, Mary (1974). The Land of Little Rain . University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 0826303587 .

??? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????

[1] Francis P. Farquhar, Exploration of the Sierra Nevada , California Historical Society Quarterly, March 1925

[2] Expanded Diary of Pedro Font - 4/2/1776 , Retrieved on 2007, Access month day: February 3

[3] Muir, John (1894). Mountains of California .

[4] Charles Hoffmann, Notes on Hetch-Hetchy Valley , Proceedings of the California Academy of Science, 1868, Volume 1, Issue 3:5, Pages 368 - 370, Retrieved on 2006-09-27

[roper-5] ¹ ² ³ ⁴ Roper, Steve (1997). Sierra High Route: Traversing Timberline Country . The Mountaineers Press. ISBN 0-89886-506-9 .

[6] Moore, James G. (2000). Exploring the Highest Sierra . Stanford University Press . ISBN 0-8047-3703-7 .

[sneco-7] ¹ ² Sierra Nevada , Ecological Subregions of California, United States Forest Service

[8] The Great Basin , Great Basin National Park, U.S. National Park Service, Retrieved on 2007-05-12

[tahoefacts-9] ¹ ² Facts about Lake Tahoe , USGS, Retrieved on 2007-05-12

[10] Current Survey Control GT1811 , National Geodetic Survey

[11] The General Sherman Tree , U.S. National Park Service

[12] California State map, 2007.

[hebrewRTL-עמק-13] ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ??????

[14] Geologic History of California , Joel Michaelsen

[hebrewRTL-אגן-15] ??? ???? (basin and range) ? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????

[Schoenherr-16] Schoenherr, Allan A. (1995). A Natural History of California . UC Press. ISBN 0-520-06922-6 .

[17] Sierran Steppe - Mixed Forest - Coniferous Forest , Ecological Subregions of the United States, US Forest Service, Retrieved on 2007-01-27

[18] A Brief History of Soaring at Inyokern Airport , Bertha Ryan, Inyokern Airport Album

[19] Austin, Mary (1974). The Land of Little Rain . University of New Mexico Press. ISBN 0826303587 .

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