???? ?????

???? ????? (? ?????? : Special Reconnaissance , ??????: SR ) ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? , ??????? ? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????. ??????? ??????????, ???? ????? ??? ???? ? ??????? ????? (HUMINT). ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????, ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? 1907 ^[1] ? ???? ?'??? ??????? ???? 1949 , ^[2] ???? ????? (SR) ?? ???? ? ????? , ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? .

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ??? ????????????, ???? ? ???? , ???? ???? ?????? ???? , ????? ? ????? ???? ???? ? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????. ^[3] ????, ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???"?. "???? ?????" ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????, ?????? ?????? ???????, ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????. ????? ???, ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??, ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????.

????? ??? ????? ?????, ^[4]^[5] ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? "???? ?????":

?????? ??????: ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????, ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????.
??????? ????????: ?????? ???? ???? ???? . ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????, ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????.
?????? ?????: ?????? ??????? ????? ?-SR ??? ????? ??????? , ????? ??????? , ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????.
?????? ?????: ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????, ??? ???? ?????. ??? ?? ???, ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????. ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????.
????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????: ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????, ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?????????????.

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????? ?????? ????? ? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????. ?????? ????? ??????? , ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????????. ?????? ???? ????? ? ????? ??????? , ????? ?????, ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????. ? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ISTAR (???????, ????, ????? ???, ?????), ????? ????? ? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????. ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? .

????? SR ??????? ???? ? ??????? ???? "????" 24 ???? ?????. ????? ? ??? ??? ???? ????? , ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????. ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? 7 ????, ????? ????? ????, ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???????.

?? ??????? ???????, ????????? ?????? ???. ??????? ? ????? ???? ?? ????? ? ?????? . ?? ??????? ? ?????? ??????? ????? ????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????. ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????.

???? ?????????, ?????????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????. ??? ?????? ????? ??????????? , ???????????? ? ????????? . ????? SR ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ^[5] ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?????.

??????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????? ^[5] ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? SR. ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????.

???"? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????, ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ????, ????? ????? SR ?? ?????? ??????. ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????, ???????? ?? ??? ????, ????? ????? ???"? ???? . ???"??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? SR, ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ? ??????-??????? .

??????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????. ? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??"? - ??? ????? ????????? ECM ??????? ?????.

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? SR ??????. ??? ????? ????? ?????, ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ? ???? ?????? 53 .

????? ?????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????. ????? ??? ????? , ????, ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????.

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???, ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ? ????? ????? ?????? .

???? 1938 ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? (MI6) ? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? "??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????". ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? 1940 ?? ????? ? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ? ????? ??????? ???????? (SOE), ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????.

???? 1941 , ????? ?????? ????? ?????? , ????? ??????? ? ????? ????? , ????? ???? ??????, ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ? ????? ?????? ?????? .

???? 1942 , ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???? , ????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????.

????? ????? ????? ( 1939 ?1940) ? ????? ????? , ??????? (1941? 1944 ), ?????? ?????? ??? "?????? ???????????" ("???? ????? ????").

????? 1942 ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? (OSS) ????? ?? ?? ?- SOE ??????. ???? ???? ?????? OSS ???? ?- CIA .

????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? , ? ???? ????? ????? .

????? ????? ????? 1991 ????? ?????? ?"?????? ???????" ??- SAS ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????????, ?????? ? ??? ????? . ?? ???, ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????, ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????.

????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????????????. ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????'?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????. ^[6]

?-2005 ???? ?????? ????? ?????? (SRR) ?????? ???? ?????? ????? SAS ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ? ??-?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ? ????? . ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?- SBS ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????.

???????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???"? - ?-1941 ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????, ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?" ????? ??????? ???????? - SOE ". ?-SOE ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????, ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? '?????? ????' (???"?). ?-19 ???? 1941 ??? ??? ?? 23 ????????? ???????? ?? ?-SOE ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ? ????? . ????? ??, ??????, ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????"?. ????? 1941 ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????"? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????.

????? ???"? - ????? 1957 ???? ? ??"? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? 1958 ??? ?????? ?????? ???"??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? 269. ????? ?? ?????? "???? ????", ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?- SAS ???????? ?????. ?? ??? ???? ?-80 ?? ???? ?-20 ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? "??????".

????? ???? - ????? ?? 1974 ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????, ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????.

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ "Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and its annex: Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land, Article 29" . International Red Cross. 1907-10-18 . ???? ?- 2007-11-11 .
^ "Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War. Geneva, 12 August 1949, Article 29" . International Red Cross . ???? ?- 2007-11-11 .
^ Department of the Army. Field Manual 7-93 - Long-Range Surveillance Unit Operations Reconnaissance and Surveillance Units .
^ William J. Perry. "1996 Annual Defense Report, Chapter 22, Special Operations Forces" . ???? ?- 2007-11-11 .
^ ¹ ² ³ "Field Manual 31-20-5 - Special Reconnaissance Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Special Forces" . 7 ???? 1990 . FM 31-20-5. ????? ?- ????? ?- 4 ???? 2008 . ???? ?- 2007-11-11 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )
^ "Army Wants SF Training for Scouts" . www.military.com . ???? ?- 2 ?????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[Hague1907-1] "Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and its annex: Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land, Article 29" . International Red Cross. 1907-10-18 . ???? ?- 2007-11-11 .

[4thGeneva-2] "Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War. Geneva, 12 August 1949, Article 29" . International Red Cross . ???? ?- 2007-11-11 .

[FM7-93-3] Department of the Army. Field Manual 7-93 - Long-Range Surveillance Unit Operations Reconnaissance and Surveillance Units .

[1996DefenseRpt-4] William J. Perry. "1996 Annual Defense Report, Chapter 22, Special Operations Forces" . ???? ?- 2007-11-11 .

[FM31-20-5-5] ¹ ² ³ "Field Manual 31-20-5 - Special Reconnaissance Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Special Forces" . 7 ???? 1990 . FM 31-20-5. ????? ?- ????? ?- 4 ???? 2008 . ???? ?- 2007-11-11 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[6] "Army Wants SF Training for Scouts" . www.military.com . ???? ?- 2 ?????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

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