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	??? ????? ; ??? ?????? ; (???? ??? ?? ?????) ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? __ ????? ????? __ ??? ??? ; [‌ ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ‌] ?????: __ ????? , __ ?? ?? ; ?????: __ ????? ?????? ???? ?? ; ?????: __ ??? ???? , __ ?? ????? , __ ????? ?????? ?? ???? ; ?????: ??? ?????? ; ???? ???? ??? ????: __ ???"?

???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? , ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ^[1] ???? 1913 ?'???"? ?? ??? " ????? ???? ". ???? 1988 ?'???"? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?-2,400 ??????.

???? 1912 ????? ??? " ????? ???? " ????? ???? ??? "???? ?????", ?? ??? ?? ?"? ????? ???? ?????? . ??? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???"? ???? ?????? ??? ??'?? , ????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ????? ?? "???? ??????", ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????, ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????. ????? ?? ????? ???? ????, ?????? ??? ?"? ???? ????? ? ???? ?????? ???? "????? ????", ???? ???????? ? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????, ? ??? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? , ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????. ???? ?' ???? ?'???"? ( 14 ?????? 1913 ) ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ^[2].

????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? "????? ????" ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???, ?? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????, ?? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????????, ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ^[3]. ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????, ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? . ??? ?????? ??? 4,500 ???? .

???? 1937 ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????, ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? 1948 ^[4].

? ???? ?-40 ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ? ?????? ?????? ????? "??????", ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????"? .

?????? ?????? ??????? , ?? ??? ????? ?????, ????? ????? ????? ????? , ?????? ?-700 ??????, ?????? ???? ????? ????? ^[5], ?????? ????? ????? ?????, ??? ??? 200 ?????? ???? ^[6], ??????? ????? ? ????? ?????? ^[7]. ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??????, ???? ??? ????? ?????: ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???, ???? ?????? ????"? 1952 ???? ??? ??? ????, ?? ??????? ????"? 1966 ^[8]. ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????"? 1951.

????? ???? ?-50 ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????, ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ^[9]. ???? 1963 ??? ????? ????? ?-60?70 ????? ???? ?-700 ?????? ???????? ^[10]. ?-40 ?????? ????? ???? 1964 ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????. ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ^[11]. ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? "???? ????? ?'", ????? ?????? ???? "???? ????? ?'" ^[12]^[13]. ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ????? "???? ???????" ?? ??? ????? ???? "???? ?????".

???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ? ???? ?-50 ^[6]^[14] ?????? ?? ? ???? ?-60 ^[15]. ?????? ??? ????? ???? 1988 , ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ^[16].

????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????????, ?? ??????? ????"? 1991 ^[17].

?????? 2018 ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????, ???? ?????? " ????? ????? ", ????? ?????? ?-800 ????? ????? ^[18].

?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? .

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ???? (????), ??? ???? ????? , ?????? ?????? ??????? ????-?????, 1965.
???? ???? ??????? (???) ????? (??????), ??? ??? ??? ????: ???? ????? ?? 100 , ?????? ?????? ????? ????? , 2013.

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ???, ? ????-?????? ?????-????? (???"? ? 1913) , ????? 53, ?????? 1989, ??' 106-85
?? ???? ????? ?????? , ? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????, ??????-???? ?????-????? ?????? , ????? 84, ???? 1997, ??' 85?106
???? ????? , ???? ????? ?? 50 , ??? , 24 ???? 1967
?. ???, ????? ???? ????? ???? , ????? , 26 ?????? 1967
????? ????, ????? ??? ????? , ???? ??????? , 1 ??????? 2017
???? ?? ??? ???? ????? , ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????, 1927 ?? ????? '???? ?????' ????? ?????? ????? , ???? ??????? ???????, ???? ???? ???????
^ ??????? ???? ????? , ???? "????? ???????"
^ ?. ???????, ???????? ?? ??? ???? ????? , ???? ???? , 14 ????? 1925
???? ???, ? ????-?????? ?????-????? (???"? ? 1913) , ????? 53, ?????? 1989, ??' 85?106 (???: ??' 98?99)
^ ??? ????? ??? ??? , ??' 226
^ ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? , ?? ????? , 25 ???????? 1954
^ ¹ ² ???????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? , ?? ????? , 18 ??????? 1954
^ ????? ????? , ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? , ????? , 7 ????? 1953
^ ?? ??? ???? ????? ?- https://www.hamichlol.org.il/???_???_???? ?? - https://www.mytzadik.com/tzadik.aspx?id=2409 .
^ ?????? ????? ???? ????? , ??? , 6 ???? 1956
^ ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????"? , ????? , 2 ?????? 1963
^ ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? , ?? ????? , 6 ??????? 1964
^ ??????? ?????? ????? ????? , ??? , 23 ????? 1980
^ ????? ???? , ?????? "????" ????? ????? ??? ????????? ???????? , ????? , 27 ????? 1980
^ ?. ?????, ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? , ??? , 21 ???? 1956
^ ?. ???, ????? ???? ????? ?????"? ???? ?????? ????? ????? , ????? , 21 ??????? 1963
???? ????? , ???? ????? ?? 50 , ??? , 24 ???? 1967
???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???"? , ????? , 22 ?????? 1969
^ ????? ???, 5 ???? ???????: ????? ????? ????? ?????"? , ???? ynet , 25 ???? 2012
^ ??? ???? ?? "??? ???????", ??? ???? ????. ???? ??? ?????? .
^ ???? ???????, ????? ????? ?????? ?????: 800 ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? , ???? TheMarker ‏, 25 ?????? 2018

[1] ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????, 1927 ?? ????? '???? ?????' ????? ?????? ????? , ???? ??????? ???????, ???? ???? ???????

[2] ??????? ???? ????? , ???? "????? ???????"

[3] ?. ???????, ???????? ?? ??? ???? ????? , ???? ???? , 14 ????? 1925
???? ???, ? ????-?????? ?????-????? (???"? ? 1913) , ????? 53, ?????? 1989, ??' 85?106 (???: ??' 98?99)

[4] ??? ????? ??? ??? , ??' 226

[5] ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? , ?? ????? , 25 ???????? 1954

[המשמר-6] ¹ ² ???????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? , ?? ????? , 18 ??????? 1954

[7] ????? ????? , ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? , ????? , 7 ????? 1953

[8] ?? ??? ???? ????? ?- https://www.hamichlol.org.il/???_???_???? ?? - https://www.mytzadik.com/tzadik.aspx?id=2409 .

[9] ?????? ????? ???? ????? , ??? , 6 ???? 1956

[10] ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????"? , ????? , 2 ?????? 1963

[11] ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? , ?? ????? , 6 ??????? 1964

[12] ??????? ?????? ????? ????? , ??? , 23 ????? 1980

[13] ????? ???? , ?????? "????" ????? ????? ??? ????????? ???????? , ????? , 27 ????? 1980

[14] ?. ?????, ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? , ??? , 21 ???? 1956

[15] ?. ???, ????? ???? ????? ?????"? ???? ?????? ????? ????? , ????? , 21 ??????? 1963
???? ????? , ???? ????? ?? 50 , ??? , 24 ???? 1967
???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???"? , ????? , 22 ?????? 1969

[16] ????? ???, 5 ???? ???????: ????? ????? ????? ?????"? , ???? ynet , 25 ???? 2012

[17] ??? ???? ?? "??? ???????", ??? ???? ????. ???? ??? ?????? .

[18] ???? ???????, ????? ????? ?????? ?????: 800 ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? , ???? TheMarker ‏, 25 ?????? 2018

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