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1922
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? 1934 ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????. ????? 1933?1940 ?????? ????? ?
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??-1934 ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????. ??? ???? ????? ????? ??-
1935
????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ?? ???? ??????
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????? 1960 ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????????? ???? ????? ??????. ????? ??????? ?????? ????? 1949?1977 ??????
???????? ??????? ???????
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[2]
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?-1937 ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????. ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??
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[3]
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[4]
.
??????? 1946, ???? ?????
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???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????, ?????? "?????? ??????" ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????, ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????
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[5]
.
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(UNSCOP - United Nations Special Committee on) ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?"? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???"?. ???? ?????? ?
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1947 ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????.
????? 1951 - 1956 ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????, ??? ?????? ????? ??????
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????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?-1930 ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??????. ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????. ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??1936 ????? ?????-??? ????? ????? ???. ?? 1939 ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????-??????? ??'???.
?????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????. ??????? 1934 ???? ??
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[6]
[7]
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[8]
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? 1938??? ???????? "??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????"
[9]
???? ????? ?????? ????? ?-1940 ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????.
????? ??????
?????? 1943 ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???. ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??
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[10]
??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????. ??? ??????? 1944 ??????? ???????? ?
??????? ????
. ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???. ?
1949
??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?
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1951
???? ???? ??????, ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????, ??
???? ???????.
? 27 ??????? 1951 ?????
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[11]
????? ???? ????????, ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????, ??? ??????? ????, ???
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????? ????
, ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????. ????? ?-17 ??????? 1952 ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??-??????:
???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????...?????, ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??... ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????????. ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?????, ??? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??
?
???? ??????,
???????
, ???????: ??????? ?????????, 1972, ??' 250 - 251
?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????????. ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??. ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????.
[12]
????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? 1949 - 1977 ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ??????. ?? ??? ??? ??????
????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? (
Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations) ?
????? ???????? ???????
Conference of Jewish Organizations. ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?-1960 ????? ??????? ????? ????
????? ???? ???????
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1976
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?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?
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|
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]
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[13]
. ???? 1960 ???? ???? ???
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[14]
[15]
. ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????, ????? 1960, ????? ??? ??????
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[16]
. ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????
[17]
. ????? ?-1950 ?? 1960 ???? ???????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??
????
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[18]
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[19]
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????? 1970 ???? ??
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[20]
.
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. ???????: ????? ???????? ???????, 1958
(???? ?????? ULI)
- ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????
. ???-????: ??????? ????? ??????, 1964. (?????: "???? ?????? [=?????] ???????)
- ????? ???
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(???????: ???? ???????). ???????: ???????? ?????????, 1972
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???? ?????????
). ???????:
????? ????
, 1976
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). ???-??:
????? ????
, 1978
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, ??? ? (1959), ??' 3465
- '??????, ???? ?? ????????', ????:
?? ????
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??? ????
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?? ????
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- Nachum Goldmann
- NAHUM GOLDMANN, A LEADER ZIONIST, DIES AT 87
- ?????? ?? !
30 /10/1957
- ?????? ?????
2 ?????? 1981
- ????? ??? ??????: ???? 1970? ???? ?????? ????? ??????????
- ^
Hans-Peter Schwarz (1995)
Konrad Adenauer: A German Politician and Statesman in a Period of War, Revolution and Reconstruction
Berghahn Books, ISBN
1-57181-870-7
p. 645
- ^
????
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?????? ?? ??????? ??????????
,
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, 6 ??????? 1946
- ^
David Vital (1999)
A People Apart: The Jews in Europe, 178
9?
1939
. Oxford University Press, ISBN
0-19-820805-7
p. 893
- ^
Michele Sarfatti (2006)
The Jews in Mussolini's Italy: From Equality to Persecution
translated by John Tedeschi, Anne C. Tedeschi University of Wisconsin Press, ISBN
0-299-21734-5
p. 77
- ^
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????? ????? ?????? : ??????? ???????? ?????????????: ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????????, ????? 10.
, ??? ????: ??????????? ??????, 2001, ??' 125-126
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, 6 ??????? 1958
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, 23 ???? 1960
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, 19 ????? 1960
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