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(1811?1871). ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????, ?? ???? ????? "???? ????". ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????. ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????????: ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????, ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????, ????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????, ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????.
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. ???? 1948 ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????. ???? ???? ?-40 ?????? ?????? ????? ????????. ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????????, ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ???.
???? 1949 ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ???????, ??-1965 ???? ???? ???????. ???? 1954 ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? "????? ??????", ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????
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?-1967 ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????. ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????. ?-1978 ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????.
??? ?-1963 ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????, ?? ??? ?? ?????, ???? ??? ????? ?-1978 ?? 1992 ??????? ???????? ??????. ?-1982, ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ???.
?-1984 ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ???????. ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?-80 ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????. ????? ?-90 ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ???
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?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ???, ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?-2 ??????? (???? ???? 2011 ????? ?????) ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? (?-2011 ???? ????). ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? 4 ???????, ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?-3 ???????.
???? ???? ????, ???? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????, ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????, ????? ????? 8 ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? (?? ????? ?? 2 ??????? ?????? ???). ???? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????. ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???????, ?? ?? 10 ??????? ?????? (???? 12) ?? ???????? ??? ?????.
24 ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? (?????? ?? ????? ??????), ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????, ??????? ???? ??? ??, ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????. ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????????, ??????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????????. ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????, ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????????.
???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??, ??? ????? ?? ??? ???????? - ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? (?-2011 5 ??????), ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? (?-2011 3 ????? ?-2 ???????). ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ??????. ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????.
???? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????, ??? ??????? 8 ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????.
?? ??? ???? ?-20 ??? ??? ?? ??? ????, ??? ?? ???? ?
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[3]
.
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2011
|
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2011
|
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2014
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2017
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2017
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2018
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2018
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2018
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2019
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2019
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2019
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2019
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2019
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2019
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2022
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2022
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2023
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2023
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2023
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??????? ??????????, ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? (
????'??? 2008
,
??? ?? ?'????? 2016
), ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? (
?????? 2012
),
????? ????
???? ??????? ???? ?
????? ??????
????? ????? ????? (
????? 2020
).
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