??? ?????
(?
??????
:
Mary Berg
; ????? ????
???? ??????
,
Miriam Wattenberg
;
10 ????????
1924
?
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1 ??????
2013
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?-
1939
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1924
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1914
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10 ????????
1939
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7 ?????
1942
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, ?????? ?? ??????, ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???, ?
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17 ??????
1943
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1940
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16 ????
1944
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Jewish Contemporary Record
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1945
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1941
????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?????', ???? ?????. ??? ????? ???? ??? ???:
- "???? ????? ????? ????? ????. ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????. ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????' ??? ?????? ?????
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, ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ????. ??? ????? ?? ???? "????", ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????, ??? ????? ?????? ????, ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ????. ?????, ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?"?????" ?? ???. ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?????, ??????? ???? "????": ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????"(??? ???, ??? ????, ??' 46-47).
????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????. ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????. ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???, ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ?????????. ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??, ????? ???????, ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????.
???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????. ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??, "?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????: ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????" (??, ??' 100).
?????? ??????, ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????????. ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????, ??? ????, ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????, "??? ?? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????:?????? ??? ????? ????????, ?????? ?? ??? ??????. ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????, ???? ??? ????? ????. ?? ???? ?? ???? ????. ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???????. ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??????" (??, ??' 82). ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????, ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????????.
??? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????. ???? ?????? ??? ????? "??? ???, ???? ???? ???? ????, ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????". ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????, ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ???, ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????. ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????, "????? ??, ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????. ?? ????? ???? ???, ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???. ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??" (??, ??' 63). ???????? ??????, ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????, ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????, ?????, ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????.
????? ?????? ???? ??????, ?????, ?? ??? ????????? ????, ????? ??? ?????.
??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????. ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?"???", ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????: "?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??. ?? ????? ??? ????, ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???. ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????: ????????? ??????, ????? ?? ??????? ????". ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? (????) ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????, "?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??, ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??????. ????? ???? ????? ?? ????. ???????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????. "?? ????? ??? ????", ???? ?????, "??? ???? ????, ???? ????? ?? ??? ????" (??, ??' 46). ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????, ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????, ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????.
?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????. ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????, "???, ???? ????????, ????? ???? ???? ?????. ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????. ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????, ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??????, ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????, ????? ???? ?????". ?????? ??? ???? ???
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?????
, ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????. ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????, ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????. ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????." ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????, "??? ?? ???? ???? ??????. ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????. ??? ?????? ????? ??????, ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????" (??, ??' 56). ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????, ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????,
- "???? ????, ?????, ????? ????. ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????, ???? ???? ???????? ??????: ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ????,????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??????. ?????? ????? ???? ????, ??? ?? ?????? ????. ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????, ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????. ???? ??, ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????, ??????. ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????, ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????. ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??. ??????, ?????? ???????, ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????, ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????" (??, ??' 126).
??? ?? ??, ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????. ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????, ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??.
????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??????. ????, ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????. ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ?????:
- "????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? - ???? ?????? ??????, ??????? ?? ?
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. ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????. ?????? ?? ?? ???: ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????. ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????, ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????, ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???????" (??? ???, ??? ????, ??' 81).
??? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ????, ????? ????? ????? ??????, ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ?
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???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???.
??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ? ??? ????’.
??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????' ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?
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.
?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????, ????? ???? ???? ????', ????? ?? ????????? ????, ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????. ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?
???????
, "???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????, ?? ??? ???, ?????? ???? ??????. ??????? ????? ????? ?????". ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????, ???? ?????? 1940 ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ????????. ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????, ??? ????? ?? "?? ???? ???????, ??? ???? ????, ???? ??? ???? ?????",(??? ???, ??? ????, ??' 139).
??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????, ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????, ??? ?????? ????, "??? ???? ???? ???? ??????, ??? ????? ????, ???? ??????. ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????, ????? ???? ??? ???? ? ??? ???? ?? ? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????",(??? ???, ??? ????, ??' 119). ?????, ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????.
??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ????. ??????, ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????, "???? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????. ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????????, ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?
??? ?????
, ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????… " (??, ??' 54). ?????, ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????. ???, ????? ????, ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????, ?? ?? ?????? ????? ??, "??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???, ??? ??? ?????? ???????, ????? ????? ???, ???? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ??????. ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????, ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ????, ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????", (??). ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????, ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???, ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????. ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????. ??? ?? ???, ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????.
- Mary Berg,
Warsaw Ghetto: A Diary
; ed. by S.L. Shneiderman, trans. Norbert Guterman and Sylvia Glass, New York: L. B. Fischer, 1945.
?????? ??????:
- The Diary of Mary Berg: Growing Up in the Warsaw Ghetto
; edited by S. L. Shneiderman, New expanded ed., prepared by Susan Lee Pentlin, Oxford: Oneworld, 2006.
- Susan Lee Pentlin, 'Mary Berg’s "Warsaw Ghetto: a Diary",' in: Alan L. Berger (Ed.),
Bearing Witness to the Holocaust, 1939-1989
, Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 1991, pp. 255-271.
- Susan Lee Pentlin, 'Mary Berg (1924-)', in: S. Lillian Kremer (Ed.),
Holocaust Literature: An Encyclopedia of Writers and their Work
, New York, NY: Routledge, 2003, pp. 138-140.