?????? ?????

???? ????????, ???????????? ???????
(????? ???? ???? ????? )
???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????-????, 1912
?????'?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????, 1921. ?????? ??? ???? ????: "????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??. ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??".
"???? ?? ?????? ?????", ??? ??? ???????????? , 1792

?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? . ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????, ?????? ? ????? , ? ?????? , ? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? . ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????, ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????, ???? ?????????? ??????. ?????? ????? ? ????? ?????? ???? [1] ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????, ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????. ????? "?????? ????" ?????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???, ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????.

?????? ????? ??? ????? ??: ????? ???????, ????? ????? , ????? ????? ??????? , ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? [2] . ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? [3] , ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????????? [4] .

?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ? ??????? ?????? ?'?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????. ?? 1948 ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? " ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? " ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????. ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ? ?????? ???? , ????? , ??????? , ???? ????, ???? ????? ?????? , ?? , ????????, ??????? ? ?????? ??????? , ????? , ?????? , ????? , ????? , ? ?????? . ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????. ?? ???, ????? ??? ?????, ???? ??????, ???????? ???????, ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?"??????" ???? ???? ?????? ?"????? ?????" ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???. ????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? [2] [5] .

?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ???????. ???? ??????????, ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???. ????? ?????? ??? '?? ????????' ???? ?????? ???????, ????? ????, ???? ?????????. ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????. ???? ??????, ?????????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????, ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? [6] [3] . ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ? ?????? . ? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? [7] .

????? (1976?1985) ????? ?????? ???????? ?????. ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???"? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???"? ?????? ????? ?? ???? [5] . ?? 1979 ???? ???"? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? (CEDAW) [8] . ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????. ?? ??, ?? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????????, ???????, ????????, ??????? ???????. ???? ?????? 1997 , 157 ?????? ????? ?? ?????. ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ??. ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ? ????? ????? [7] [3] .

???? 1995 ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????. [9] ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????. ????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?-12 ??????. ????? ???????, ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??, ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ????. [10]

????? 1325 ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???"? : ???????? 2000 ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???"? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????, ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? [11] . ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????????. ???? 2005 , ????? ????? ?? ????? 1325.

???? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???. ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????, ??????, ???????? ????????. ?????? ????? ?? ?????, ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????. ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????. ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ? ?????? , ???? , ???? ?????? ?????? , ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? , ????? , ????? , ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? [12] .

????? ??? ?? ???? ??25% ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????, ????? ? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? , ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?-50% ????? ????. ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????? [13] . ?????, ????? ?????? ???, ?????? ?? ??? ???"? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?? 1?2 ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? [14] [15] .

????? ???? ?-19, ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????????. ?? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????. ?? ??? ????, ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? [16] .

????? ?? ?????? :
????? ???????

?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????: ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? 3: "??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???". ???? 1951 ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? , ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????, ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????.

????? ????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? ? ???? ????? ?????

????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?-18 . ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ? ?????? , ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?-19. ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? (International Alliance of Women). ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????. ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????.

?????'??? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ????????? . ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?-19 ?????? ???? ?-20 ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ????.

? ??? ????? , ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ? ???? ?????? . ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????, ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? . ?? ??? ????? ????? , ???? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? [17] .

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? . ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????, ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???; ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????, ???????? ???? ???? ?????? [18] .

????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???. ??? ????? ?????, ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? [19] . ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ????? , ????? ? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???. ???? ? ????? ?????? , ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ? ???? ??? ???????, ????? ?????, ????? ? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? [20] .

???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???????. ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? [21] , ???????? [22] , ?????? ?????? ?????? [23] . ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????, ?????? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???, ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????. ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? [24] [25] [26] .

?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????????. ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? 1952 ???? ???????? ???? ?????. ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????. ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? , ?????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????. ?? 1962 ????? ?????? " ???? ?????? ?????? " ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????, ?? ?? ????? ????. ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????, ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? . ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ???? ???????, ??????? ????????, ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? [26] [27] .

???? 1978 ???? ?????? "???? ?????? ???? ?????? (????? ??????) ???"? 1977" [28] ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????: ??? ????? (???? ?-18 ??? ?-40), ?????? ???? ????????, ??? ?? ?????, ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????, ????? ???? ?? ?? ?????. ???? ?? ???? "????? ????????". ???? 1980 , ?????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????? ? ????? ????? , ???? ?"???? ????????" [24] [26] [27] .

?????? ????? ????? ????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?? ????? ??? ?? . ????? ???: ??? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? .
??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????. ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????, ???? ????? ?? ??????. ????? ?????? ????? ? ?? ????? .
?????
?? ????? ??? ?? . ????? ???: ??? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? .
??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????. ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????, ???? ????? ?? ??????. ????? ?????? ????? ? ?? ????? .

???-???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? , ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? , ????? ?? ?????? ? ??? (???? ???????) ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????, ? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????, ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????, ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???????. [ ???? ???? ]

???? ???? ???? ?????, ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????. ?????, ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????, ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ? ??? . ?????? ? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????. ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????. [ ???? ???? ]

???? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ? ???, ???, ?????. ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????, ???? ????? ??? ?? ??????, ????? ??????, ??????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????. ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ???? ? ???? ???????, ??? ????? ?????? ? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????. ????, ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????, ?????, ???????? ????? ?????? ? ???? ???????. ?????? ?????, ?? ?? ?? ? ?????? ? ????? ???? ??????, ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????, ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? [29] .

???? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????, ?????, Gortyn, ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????. ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????, ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??, ????? ????? ? ???? (???? ??? ?????? ???? ????).

???? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???????? ??? ?????? ? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????. ???? ???, ??????? (???? ?-6) ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? , ???? ??????? ?? ????.

???? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? ????? ?????????, 1791; ???? ?????

? ??? ?-16 ? ?-17 , ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????, ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? .

??? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????, ???? ?????? ?????? ????? , ?????? , ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???-??? ??????? ??????? ????? ????. ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? "??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????".

???? 1791 , ???? ?????? ??????? , ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????, ????? ?? ???' , ?? "????? ?????? ????? ????????" (Declaration des Droits de la Femme et de la Citoyenne) ????? ? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? 1789. ?? ???' ???? ?????? ??????, ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????, ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????, ???????? ????? ??????. ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???????, ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????. ?? ???' ?????? ?? "????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????, ???????? ?????? ?????". ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????, ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????. "????? ?????? ????? ????????" ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?"????? ?????? ???? ??????", ?????, ?? ???' ?????? ??? ?????? ??????: ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??????, ???? ????? ???????? ????? ????, ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????. ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????, ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??, ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????, ?????? ?"???? ?? ?????". ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?- 1792 ?? ???? ????? ??????????, ??? ???? ???? ?????. ?? ???' ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????.

?????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? 1792: "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman" ("???? ?? ?????? ?????"), ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? . ???????????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????, ?? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? "?????" ??????? ??? ?? ?????. ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????????, ???? ???????????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? . ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?'?? ?'?? ????, ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????. ???????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ????, ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????, ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??????. ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? "???? ????" ???? "???????".

???? ?-19 [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?? ?????? ???? ?-19 ????? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????. ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????. ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????, ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????, ???? ???????? ??? ??? ?????, ????? ?????? ???????, ???? ????? ????? ???? ????.

?????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? 1832, ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????, ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??????. ???? 1830, ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? [30] ? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????. ??? ????'???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? (????? ?????) ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????. ?? ??? ??? (Abby Kelley) ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ????, ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????, ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????. ??????? ??? , ???? ?-1836, ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? "???? ????", ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? [31] . ?????? ????????? ????'??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? (M'Clintock), ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????. ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? [32] .

????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? [33] . ??????? ????? ????? ????, ??? ???? , ?-19?20 ????? 1848. ???? ?????? ???????, ??????? ?????? ?? National Women's Rights Convention (??????? ??????? ??????? ????) ??? ?-1850. ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ? ?????? ????? ?????? .

??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????, "????? ??????", ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??????. ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????: "??? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????: ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????, ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???, ??????? ????? ????? , ?????? ??????? ??? ?????". ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ?????-???????, ?????? ????? . ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? "????? ??? ???, ???? ??? ???". ??? ??1851, ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????. [34]

???? 1851 ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?. ?????? . ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???. ???? 1866, ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? (American Equal Rights Association), ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????-????????.

???????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?-19 ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? . ???? 1871 ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? NSWS) National Suffrage Women Society) ??????? ?? ????? ??? , ??? ??? ????'??? [35] . ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????, ??????? ???? , ?'?? ???'??, ???? ??????, ????? ????? ?????, ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? [36] . ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?'????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ? ??? ????? . ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????? . ???? ????? ?'?? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? " ????? ????? " (1869). ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????????. ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????'???? ??????, NSWS [37] . ???? 1870 ????? ????? ??? ?-Jessie Boucherett, ?? "?????? ???? ????? ????" (Women's Suffrage Journal).???? ???? 20 ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? 1890.

?????? ????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ?????? , ???? ????? ????? ?????

?? ? ????? ? ??????? , ???? ? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????. ???? ??? ?????? ? ??'?? (???? ? ???'???? ) ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????, ??? ???? ??????? ?????. ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? , ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????.

???? ?????? ??????? , ???? ????? ?????, ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????, ?????? ?? ??????? ???????. ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ? ????? ???? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??????.

??????? ?????? ???? ???? 1898 ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? [38] . ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ? ?"? ???? ???"? (20 ?????? 1918), ? ??? , ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????.

??? ? ???? ?-70 ?? ???? ?-20 ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????-????????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ? ????? ????? , ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????. ???? 1992 ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??, ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? , ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??.

?????:

?????? ????? ????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

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???? ????? ? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ? ???? ?????? , ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????.

?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????. ?????, ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???. ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????.

? ????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ? ???? . ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????, ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????, ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ? ????? (????? ????? ?? ???? ).

??? ????? ???? ?-20 ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ? ????? ???????????? ?? ??????? , ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????????-???????????.

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  1. ^ OHCHR | Combating discrimination against women , ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????, ??? ? ??"? (?????? ???? ????, 21.1.2024)
  2. ^ 1 2 Hosken, Fran P, Towards a Definition of Women's Rights', Human Rights Quarterly Vol. 3, No. 2, ??' 1?10
  3. ^ 1 2 3 Rosa Briceno, Reclaiming Women's Human Rights ( ?????? ) (?????? ???? ????, 23.8.2023)
  4. ^ ???? ?? ???? ????? , ???? ???? 7 , 5 ???? 2021
  5. ^ 1 2 Charlotte Bunch and Samantha Frost, Women's Human Rights: An Introduction, Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge , Routledge, Routledge
  6. ^ Rachel Johnston, Feminist Influences on the United Nations, Human Rights Quarterly 28, 2006, ??' 148?185
  7. ^ 1 2 Ursula A. O'Hare, Realizing Human Rights for Women , Human Rights Quarterly 21)2), 1999, ??' 364-402
  8. ^ The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
  9. ^ Fourth World Conference on Women, 4-15 September 1995, Beijing, China , United Nations (???????)
  10. ^ Stories from the UN Archive: Hillary Clinton’s bold stand in Beijing , United Nations, ‏13 ???? 2024 (???????)
  11. ^ ????? ???”? 1325 (2000) , ???? Peace Women
  12. ^ Securing Women’s Land and Property Rights : A Critical Step to Address Violence, anf Food SecurityY , Open Society Foundation
  13. ^ ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????: ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????, ??????, ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????.
  14. ^ Nadia Steinzor, [ http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADA958.pdf Women’s Property and Inheritance Rights: Improving Lives in a Changing Time], ‏March 2003
  15. ^ WOMEN'S PROPERTY RIGHTS (?????? ???? ????, 23.8.2023)
  16. ^ Married Women's Property Laws
  17. ^ ?????? ????-???'????, ???? ?? ????? ????? , ???: ??? ?? ???????? 1
  18. ^ Reproductive Rights , ??? ?????? ???????? (???????)
  19. ^ Freedman, Lynn P.; Stephen L. Isaacs, Human Rights and Reproductive Choice , Studies in Family Planning Vol. 24, No. 1, ??' 18?30
  20. ^ Cook, Rebecca J.and Mahmoud F. Fathalla, Advancing Reproductive Rights Beyond Cairo and Beijing , International Family Planning Perspectives 22(3), ??' 115-121
  21. ^ ???? ?????? "?? ????? ????" ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????.
  22. ^ ???? ??? ??????
  23. ^ ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????.
  24. ^ 1 2 ????? ???? , ??? ? ?-?, ???????, ?????? ????? , ???? ??????? ? ?????? ????, 2002
  25. ^ ?????? ??????, ?????? ??????? (????) ??????? ? ????? ??? ???, ??? ???? ??????? ??????? , ????? ???? ? (?????? ???? ????, 23.8.2023)
  26. ^ 1 2 3 ?? ???? (?????), ??? ?????:?????? ??????, ???? ?????: ??????, ??? ??????, ????? , ????, 2011
  27. ^ 1 2 ???? ??????, ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? , ???? ????? ?? (2), ???"?
  28. ^ ???? ?????? ???? ?????? (????? ?????)
  29. ^ Mesopotamian Women and Their Social Roles , History, ‏2014-09-19 (??????? ????????) , The - Mesopotamian Women and Their Social Roles
  30. ^ Higginson, Thomas Wentworth; Meyer, Howard N. The magnificent activist (?????? ???? ????, 23.8.2023) , Da Capo Press, 2000, p. 143.
  31. ^ Buhle, 1978, p. 64.
  32. ^ Wellman, 2004, p. 188
  33. ^ Dumenil, 2012, p. 56 .
  34. ^ Buhle, 1978 p. 90
  35. ^ Elizabeth Crawford, The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866-1928 , Oxford: Routledge, 2003, ??' 43
  36. ^ "Central Committee of the National Society for Women's Suffrage" . Spartacus Educational (???????) . ???? ?- 2018-01-05 .
  37. ^ Sophia A. Van Wingerden, The Women's Suffrage Movement in Britain, 1866-1928 , NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 1999, ??' 16
  38. ^ ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????????? , ? ?????? ???????? , ???? ???? ?? ??? ????
  39. ^ ??? ????? ???? , ???? ???? ??????
  40. ^ ??? ??? ????? , ???? ????
  41. ^ ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????? , ???? ???? ??????
  42. ^ ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? , ???? ???? ??????
  43. ^ ???? ????‏, ???? ?????: ???? ????? ????????? ??? ???? , ???? ????? ‏, 7 ???? 2011
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