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) ???
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?
???? ?????
?
?????
. ???? ???? ?
???? ??????
, ????? ????
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. ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????
1957
. ????? ???? ????? ?????
??????
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???? ????
.
?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?
??????
??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? (100%) ??
?????-??????
.
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????? ???????
. ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? "??? ?????" ??????? ???"? ????
????? ?'
(?',?"?). ?????? ????? ?????? ?
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???????? ????? ?-12
?????
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????? ????? ???? ?????
.
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, ?????? ?? ????????
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???? ?-12
?? ???
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, ???
????? ???????
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???
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. ????
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???? ????? ?
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??????
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1265
???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????
?????
. ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????.
????
1596
, ??????
???????? ????'?????
, ???? ???? 15 ???-?? ??????? ?????? ???????. ???? ?-18 ???? ????? ??????
???? ??-????
?????? ???????? - ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?
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??
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??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?
??????
. ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??. ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????.
???? ??? ????? ??????
?????? ???
???? ???? ???? 1870, ???? ?? ?????? ?? 400 ?????? ????? ?
????? ???????
, ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?????. ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????, ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????.
[5]
?
??? ???-????? ???????
????
1881
????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????, ???? ?? 450 ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????.
[6]
??????
????? ??????
?????? ???? ?
??? ???
. ?? ??
??? ?????? 1945 ???? ?????
??????? ?? 900 ????? ?????? ???????? ??? 29,084 ?????? (????? 9,948 ?????? ????? ????????).
[7]
??????
????? ???????
???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? "
??? ?????? ?????
". ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????. ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?
?????
.
[8]
???? ??? ?
???? ????
, ???? ????? ???????,
[9]
?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????.
[10]
?-31 ???????? 1948, ???? ?????? ????, ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????, ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????. ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??"? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ? ???? ???? ???? ??????.
[11]
????? ??? 1949 ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????, ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????
[12]
. ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????
[13]
???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????
[14]
. ???? ??????, ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????, ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????: "????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???, ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????. ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ????????"
[15]
.
?????? 1962 ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????
[16]
.
???? 1979 ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?
???? ????
[17]
, ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????, ?? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????, ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????
??????? ???????
[18]
[19]
[20]
[21]
. ????? ???, ???? ????
???? ???????
??? ??????? ????? ????,
???
??
???
???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????, ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? '
????? ?????
' ????? ?
?????
.
??? ?????
????? ??????? ??????????
(???"?) ???? ???? ?????
2024
(?????), ???????? ??????? 3,301 ?????? (???? 243 ?
????? ?????? ??????? ??????
). ?????????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? 0.4%. ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?"? ?
???
?'???"?
(
2020
-
2021
) ??? 75.0%.
???? ?????? ??????
??
????
???? ???
2019
??? 8,963 ?"? (????? ????: 9,745 ?"?).
[22]
???? ???? ???
2021
, ?-99% ???? ????? ???? ??
?????-??????
?????
??????
.
???? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ?-60 ??? ?????
?????
?
???
. ???? 1965 ???? 45% ????????? ???????, 30% ?????? ????? ??-25% ?????? ????? ????
[23]
. ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????. 30 ???? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????.
[24]
???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????
??????
, ???
??? ????? ????? ????
??-??? ?? ????? ?? (??? ?? ?-7 ??????? ?????, ??? ?????
????????? ?????? ???????? ??????
).
- ^
1
2
????????? ?
??????
, ?
?????? ????????
??
???????
????????? ???? 2,000 ?????? ????? - ???
???? ?????? ?? ??"?
????
??? ?????
2024
(?????), ??? ??? ???????? - ???
???? ????? ?? ??"?
????
???
2022
.
- ^
1
2
3
4
5
????? ?????? ????
.
- ^
1
2
3
4
5
??????? ???
???? ?????? ???????
??
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????
???
2021
- ^
??????? ???
???? ??? ????? ?????
??
??"?
???? ???? 2019
- ^
?????? ???
, ?????: ???? ???????,
????? ????????, ??????? ??????????? ?? ??? ?????
, ??? ?': ????? (?), ???????: ?? ???? ??????, ???"?, ??' 33
- ^
The survey of western Palestine : memoirs of the topography, orography, hydrography, and archaeology
- ^
??????
?
??? ?????? (1945)
, ?????? ???? ???? Hadawi,
Village statistics 1945, Classification of Land and Area Ownership in Palestine
, Beirut, 1970, ?????? ????? ???? PalestineRemembered.com.
- ^
???? ????????
?
???? ????? ????
,
????????: ?? ??????????
, ??' 141.
- ^
?? ???????? ?????
,
????????
, 17 ????? 1949
- ^
Elias Shoufani, "The Fall of a Village", Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 1 No. 4, Summer, 1972; (pp. 108-121)
- ^
??? ?????
,
????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? 1947?1949
, ?? ????, 1991, ???? 304.
- ^
??? ?????
,
????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? 1947-1949
, ?? ????, 1991, ???? 323
- ^
????? ????? ??? ????? ???????
,
????
, 17 ??????? 1949
- ^
??? ?????
,
????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? 1947-1949
, ?? ????, 1991, ???? 320
- ^
????? ???????,
??? ??? ???? ???? ????
,
?????
, 22 ?????? 1953
- ^
????? ???? ?????
,
????
, 8 ?????? 1962
- ^
????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????
,
???
, 14 ????? 1979
- ^
???? ??????
,
?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????
,
???
, 29 ????? 1979
- ^
???? ??????
,
???? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????
,
?????
, 4 ????? 1979
- ^
???? ??
,
???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???
,
???
, 5 ????? 1979
- ^
???????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???
,
?????
, 10 ????? 1979
?????? ?? ????? ?????
,
?????
, 13 ????? 1979
- ^
?????? ??????
????
???"?
- ^
????? ???-???? ???????
,
?????
, 26 ?????? 1966
- ^
???? ????
,
??????: ??? ????? ?????
, ????
ynet
, 20 ?????? 2002