??? ???? ??? ????? ?????,
??? ??????
??????
????? ????? ????? ?????, ??? ???????? ?????? ?
???????
???????? ??? ?????
????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????
???? 410 ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? (??
???? ????
) ???? 927. ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????, ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????. ???? 1066 ??? ?????? ????????? ???????, ??? ???? ???? ??????. ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???. ???? 1649, ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????, ???? ???? ?'???? ?????? ????? ?????, ??? ??? 1660 ?? ??? ??? ??????? (???: ??? ?????). ???? 1707 ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????
??????? ??????
.
?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????, ????? ??????? ?????? (???? 927) ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???; ?? ???, ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ????.
| ??
(????? ????)
|
?????
|
????? ?????
|
???? ?????
|
???? ??????
|
| ???????
Æthelstan
894
-
27 ???????? 939
|
|
927
???? ??????
|
27 ???????? 939
|
??? ??
?????? ????
|
| ?????? ??????
Edmund I
921
-
26 ???? 946
|
|
27 ???????? 939
|
26 ???? 946
|
??? ??
?????? ????
|
| ????
Eadred
923
-
23 ??????? 955
|
|
26 ???? 946
|
23 ??????? 955
|
??? ??
?????? ????
|
| ??????
Eadwig
940
-
1 ???????? 959
|
|
23 ??????? 955
|
1 ???????? 959
|
??? ?? ?????? ??????
|
| ????
Edgar
943
-
8 ????? 975
|
|
1 ???????? 959
|
8 ????? 975
|
??? ?? ?????? ??????
|
| ?????? ????
Edward II
962
-
18 ???? 978
|
|
8 ????? 975
|
18 ???? 978
|
??? ?? ????
|
| ?????
Æthelred
966
-
23 ?????? 1016
|
|
18 ???? 978
|
1013
|
??? ?? ????
|
???? 1013 ???? ????? ?? ??????, ?????? ??? ????? ?????????.
| ??
(????? ????)
|
?????
|
????? ?????
|
???? ?????
|
???? ??????
|
| ????
Sweyn
17 ?????? 963
-
3 ??????? 1014
|
|
25 ?????? 1013
|
3 ??????? 1014
|
???? ??????
|
???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??????.
| ??
(????? ????)
|
?????
|
????? ?????
|
???? ?????
|
???? ??????
|
| ?????
Æthelred
966
-
23 ?????? 1016
|
|
3 ??????? 1014
|
23 ?????? 1016
|
??? ?? ????
|
| ?????? ????
Edmund II
990
-
30 ??????? 1016
|
|
23 ?????? 1016
|
30 ??????? 1016
|
??? ?? ?????
|
???? ??? ?????? ?-1016 ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????, ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????. ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??????.
| ??
(????? ????)
|
?????
|
????? ?????
|
???? ?????
|
???? ??????
|
| ????
Canute
995
-
12 ??????? 1035
|
|
18 ???????? 1016
|
12 ??????? 1035
|
??? ?? ????
|
| ????? ??????
Harold I
1016
-
17 ???? 1040
|
|
12 ??????? 1035
|
17 ???? 1040
|
??? ?? ????
|
| ??????????
Harthacnut
1018
-
8 ????? 1042
|
|
17 ???? 1040
|
8 ????? 1042
|
??? ?? ????
|
???? ???? ?? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ????? ??? ?????? ?????. ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????, ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????: ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????, ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????.
| ??
(????? ????)
|
?????
|
????? ?????
|
???? ?????
|
???? ??????
|
| ?????? ??????
Edward the Confessor
1003
-
5 ?????? 1066
|
|
8 ????? 1042
|
5 ?????? 1066
|
??? ?? ?????
|
| ????? ????
Harold II
1022
-
14 ???????? 1066
|
|
6 ?????? 1066
|
14 ???????? 1066
|
??? ???? ????? ??
?? ??? ?????? ??????
???? ?? ??? ??????????
|
???? ???? ????????, ?????? ?????
?????? "?????"
,
??? ???????
??????? 1066 ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?
??? ?????????
????? ?? ????? ??????????. ??
????????
?????? ??? ?
???? ??????
????, ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????. ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? 1066 ???? ??????, ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ???.
| ??
(????? ????)
|
?????
|
????? ?????
|
???? ?????
|
???? ??????
|
???? ???
|
| ?????? ??????
William I
1028
-
9 ??????? 1087
|
|
25 ?????? 1066
|
9 ??????? 1087
|
?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????
??? ?? ?????? ???? 1066
|
??? ???????
|
| ?????? ????
William II
1056
-
2 ??????? 1100
|
|
26 ??????? 1087
|
2 ??????? 1100
|
??? ?? ?????? ??????
|
???? ???
??? ???????
|
| ???? ??????
Henry I
?????? 1068
-
1 ?????? 1135
|
|
5 ??????? 1100
|
1 ?????? 1135
|
??? ?? ?????? ??????
|
???? ???
??? ???????
|
???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? 1120. ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????
??????
, ?????? ?? ?????? ??
??????? ??????
???? ???????? ?????? ??????. ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????, ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??????. ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???????, ?????? ?? ???? ????. ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???
???????
. ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? 1141 ??????? 1141, ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????.
| ??
(????? ????)
|
?????
|
????? ?????
|
???? ?????
|
???? ??????
|
???? ???
|
| ?????
Stephen
1096
-
25 ???????? 1154
|
|
1 ?????? 1135
|
25 ???????? 1154
|
???? ?? ?????? ??????
??? ???? ????? ??
??-??? ???? ??????
|
???? ???
??? ???????
|
????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??????????, ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??????, ???? ???????'??, ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????, ??? ??????. ????, ???? ???? ?? ??????, ???
?'?????? ??????, ???? ???'?
, ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? "??? ???'?". ??? "?????'??" (Plantagenet, "???????'??" ??? ?????? ???????) ????? ?????? ????? ??'?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?'?????? ?????.
| ??
(????? ????)
|
?????
|
??? ?????
|
????? ?????
|
???? ?????
|
???? ??????
|
???? ???
|
| ???? ????
Henry II
5 ???? 1133
-
9 ????? 1189
|
|
|
19 ?????? 1154
|
9 ????? 1189
|
???? ?? ???? ??????
???? ??????????
|
??? ??????
|
| ???'?? ??????
Richard I
8 ??????? 1157
-
6 ?????? 1199
|
|
|
3 ??????? 1189
|
6 ?????? 1199
|
??? ?? ???? ????
|
??? ??????
|
| ?'??
John
24 ?????? 1166
-
19 ???????? 1216
|
|
|
27 ???? 1199
|
19 ???????? 1216
|
??? ?? ???? ????
|
???? ???
??? ??????
???? ??????
???? ????????
???????????
???? ???'?
|
| ???? ??????
Henry III
1 ???????? 1207
-
16 ??????? 1272
|
|
|
28 ???????? 1216
|
16 ??????? 1272
|
??? ?? ?'??
|
???? ???
??? ??????
???? ??????
???? ????????
???????????
???? ???'?
|
| ?????? ??????
Edward I
17 ????? 1239
-
7 ????? 1307
|
|
|
20 ??????? 1272
|
7 ????? 1307
|
??? ?? ???? ??????
|
??? ??????
???? ??????
???? ?????????
|
| ?????? ????
Edward II
24 ?????? 1284
-
20 ?????? 1327
|
|
|
8 ????? 1307
|
20 ?????? 1327
|
??? ?? ?????? ??????
|
??? ??????
???? ??????
???? ?????????
|
| ?????? ??????
Edward III
13 ??????? 1312
-
21 ????? 1377
|
|
|
25 ?????? 1327
|
21 ????? 1377
|
??? ?? ?????? ????
|
??? ?????? ?????
???? ??????
|
| ???'?? ????
Richard II
6 ?????? 1367
-
14 ??????? 1400
|
|
|
22 ????? 1377
|
29 ??????? 1399
???? ?????? ??????
|
???? ?? ?????? ??????
|
??? ?????? ?????
???? ??????
???? ?'???
|
???'?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???????, ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??-??? ????? ???? ??????????, ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????. ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????, ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????,
??? ??????
, ???? ??? ???? ?????'??.
| ??
(????? ????)
|
?????
|
??? ?????
|
????? ?????
|
???? ?????
|
???? ??????
|
???? ???
|
| ???? ??????
Henry IV
15 ?????? 1367
-
20 ???? 1413
|
|
|
30 ??????? 1399
|
20 ???? 1413
|
???? ?? ?????? ??????
??? ?????? ?????? ???
|
??? ?????? ?????
???? ??????
|
| ???? ??????
Henry V
16 ??????? 1386
-
31 ??????? 1422
|
|
|
21 ???? 1413
|
31 ??????? 1422
|
??? ?? ???? ??????
|
??? ?????? ?????
???? ??????
|
| ???? ?????
Henry VI
6 ?????? 1421
-
21 ???? 1471
|
|
|
1 ??????? 1422
|
4 ???? 1461
???? ????? ????
??????? ???????
|
??? ?? ???? ??????
|
??? ??????
???? ????? ????
???? ??????
|
?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????, ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????, ???? ????? ????? ????? (??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??????). ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????, ??? ???? ???? ???, ???'??, ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????, ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????, ???? ????? ?? ?????. ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???????, ??????? ???? ???? (???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????). ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????, ???? ??? ?? ???'??.
| ??
(????? ????)
|
?????
|
??? ?????
|
????? ?????
|
???? ?????
|
???? ??????
|
???? ???
|
| ?????? ??????
Edward IV
28 ?????? 1442
-
9 ?????? 1483
|
|
|
4 ???? 1461
|
3 ???????? 1470
|
???? ?? ?????? ??????
??? ?????? ??????
|
??? ?????? ?????
???? ??????
|
????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????, ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??????, ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? 191 ????, ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???, ?????? ?????? ??????.
| ??
(????? ????)
|
?????
|
??? ?????
|
????? ?????
|
???? ?????
|
???? ??????
|
???? ???
|
| ???? ?????
Henry VI
6 ?????? 1421
-
21 ???? 1471
|
|
|
3 ???????? 1470
????? ??? ??????
|
11 ?????? 1471
???? ?? ??? ?????
?????? ?????? ??????
|
??? ?? ???? ??????
|
??? ??????
???? ????? ????
???? ??????
|
???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????, ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????. ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???'?? ?????? ??????, ?? ????? ????? "?????" ???? ?????? ?? ?????, ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???'??. ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????, ?????? ?? ???'?? ???? ??????.
| ??
(????? ????)
|
?????
|
??? ?????
|
????? ?????
|
???? ?????
|
???? ??????
|
???? ???
|
| ?????? ??????
Edward IV
28 ?????? 1442
-
9 ?????? 1483
|
|
|
11 ?????? 1471
|
9 ?????? 1483
|
???? ?? ?????? ??????
??? ?? ???? ?????
|
??? ?????? ?????
???? ??????
|
| ?????? ??????
Edward V
2 ??????? 1470
-
???? 1483
|
|
|
9 ?????? 1483
|
25 ????? 1483
|
??? ?? ?????? ??????
|
??? ?????? ?????
???? ??????
|
| ???'?? ??????
Richard III
2 ???????? 1452
-
22 ??????? 1483
|
|
|
26 ????? 1483
|
22 ??????? 1483
??? ???? ???
??? ??????
|
???? ?? ?????? ??????
|
??? ?????? ?????
???? ??????
|
??? ?????? ??? ??? ??
?'?? ?????
, ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????. ??'?? ????? ????? ??? ?????, ???? ??????, ?'??, ??? ????-??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????. ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????, ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???????. ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????, ???? ?????? ??? ???'?? ??? ??????. ???'?? ??? ????, ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???????. ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????, ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????, ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????. ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????, ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????.
| ??
(????? ????)
|
?????
|
??? ?????
|
????? ?????
|
???? ?????
|
???? ??????
|
???? ???
|
| ???? ??????
Henry VII
28 ?????? 1457
-
21 ?????? 1509
|
|
|
22 ??????? 1483
|
21 ?????? 1509
|
???? ?? ?????? ??????
???? ?????? ???????
|
??? ?????? ?????
???? ??????
|
| ???? ??????
Henry VIII
28 ????? 1491
-
28 ?????? 1547
|
|
|
22 ?????? 1509
|
28 ?????? 1547
|
??? ?? ???? ??????
|
???? ???
??? ??????,
???? ???????
??? ??????
|
| ?????? ?????
Edward VI
12 ???????? 1537
-
6 ????? 1553
|
|
|
28 ?????? 1547
|
6 ????? 1553
|
??? ?? ???? ??????
|
???? ???
??? ??????,
???? ???????
??? ??????
|
| ?'???
Jane
??????? 1537
-
12 ??????? 1554
|
|
|
10 ????? 1553
|
19 ????? 1553
????? ?? ??? ??? ???????
|
????? ?? ???? ??????
|
???? ???
???? ??????,
???? ???????
???? ??????
|
| ??? ???????
Mary I
18 ??????? 1516
-
17 ??????? 1558
|
|
|
19 ????? 1553
|
17 ??????? 1558
|
??? ?? ???? ??????
|
???? ???
??? ????? ??????, ????
????, ???????, ???
????????? ???????,
???? ??????
|
| ?????
Philip
21 ???? 1527
-
13 ??????? 1598
|
|
|
25 ????? 1554
|
17 ??????? 1558
|
???? ?? ??? ???????
??? ?? ??????? ????
?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???
|
| ?????? ???????
Elizabeth I
7 ??????? 1533
-
24 ???? 1603
|
|
|
17 ??????? 1558
|
24 ???? 1603
|
??? ?? ???? ??????
|
???? ???
???? ??????,
???? ???????
???? ??????
|
?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????. ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?'????, ???? ??? ??
???, ???? ???????
????-???? ?? ???? ??????. ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?'???? ?? ???? ???????, ???? ??????
????? ??????
??? ?????? ????????. ?? ???? 1707 ????
?????? ?????????
?????? ?????? ?????? ???, ?? ?????
???? ?????? ?? 1707
????? ????? ??????? ??????.
| ??
(????? ????)
|
?????
|
??? ?????
|
????? ?????
|
???? ?????
|
???? ??????
|
???? ???
|
| ?'???? ??????
James I
19 ????? 1566
-
27 ???? 1625
|
|
|
24 ???? 1603
|
27 ???? 1625
|
???-???? ?? ???? ??????
|
???? ???
??? ??????,
???????, ????
???????,
??? ??????
|
| ?'???? ??????
Charles I
19 ??????? 1600
-
30 ?????? 1649
|
|
|
27 ???? 1625
|
30 ?????? 1649
???? ?????
???? ??? ???????
|
??? ?? ?'???? ??????
|
???? ???
??? ??????,
???????, ????
???????,
??? ??????
|
????????? ?? ??????? - ??? ?????
[
????? ??? ????
|
?????
]
????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????. ?'???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? 1649. ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? "??? ????", ???? ?????? ????????. ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????, ????? ???? ?????, ????? ??? "????? ????" (Lord Proteceor). ???? 1653 ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????.
| ??
(????? ????)
|
?????
|
??? ?????
|
????? ?????
|
???? ?????
|
???? ???
|
| ?????? ???????
Oliver Cromwell
25 ?????? 1599
-
3 ??????? 1658
|
|
|
16 ?????? 1653
|
3 ??????? 1658
|
???? ???
??????????
????? ????
?? ??? ?????
?? ??????, ???????
???????, ??? ??
?????? ????????????
??????? ???
|
| ???'?? ???????
Richard Cromwell
4 ???????? 1626
-
12 ????? 1712
|
|
3 ??????? 1658
|
7 ???? 1659
????? ???????
|
???'?? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? 1659, ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??. ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????, ?? ??-
4 ??????
1660
, ???? ?'???? ????, ??? ?? ???? ?????, ?? "????? ????" ?? ????? ??????
?????
?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????, ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ????. ?-
8 ????
????? ??????? ?? ?'???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??
?'???? ??????
????
1649
. ?'???? ??? ?????? ?-25 ????, ?????? ???? ?-23 ???? 1661. ??? ??????
????????? ???????
.
??????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????, ?? ?????? ???, ??? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?'???? ????, ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ???????, ?? ??? ????? ??????, ????? ???????, ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????. ???? ???? ???? ????? ?-1688. ?????? 1689 ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????????. ???? (????? ????????) ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????, ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??????.
| ??
(????? ????)
|
?????
|
??? ?????
|
????? ?????
|
???? ?????
|
???? ??????
|
???? ???
|
| ?'???? ????
Charles II
29 ???? 1630
-
6 ??????? 1685
|
|
|
29 ???? 1660
|
6 ??????? 1685
|
??? ?? ?'???? ??????
|
???? ???
??? ??????,
???????, ????
???????,
??? ??????
|
| ?'???? ????
James II
14 ???????? 1633
-
16 ??????? 1701
|
|
|
6 ??????? 1685
|
23 ?????? 1688
???? ?
????? ???????
|
??? ?? ?'???? ??????
|
???? ???
??? ??????,
???????, ????
???????,
??? ??????
|
| ??? ??????
Mary II
30 ?????? 1662
-
28 ?????? 1694
|
|
|
13 ??????? 1689
|
28 ?????? 1694
|
??? ?? ?'???? ????
?????? ?? ??? ???????
|
???? ???,
??? ?????
??????, ???????,
???? ???????,
???? ??????
|
| ?????? ??????
William III
4 ??????? 1650
-
8 ???? 1702
|
|
|
13 ??????? 1689
|
8 ???? 1702
|
???? ?? ?'???? ??????
????? ?? ??? ???????
|
| ??
Anne
6 ??????? 1665
-
1 ??????? 1714
|
|
|
8 ???? 1702
|
1 ???? 1707
?????? ?? -
???? ??????? ??????
|
??? ?? ?'???? ????
???
??? ??????? 1689
|
???? ???,
???? ??????,
??????, ????
???????,
???? ??????
|
????? 1706 ?-1707 ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????. ??? ?-1 ???? 1707 ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???:
????? ??????? ??????
.