???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????
???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????
????? ?????? ????
???? ???????
, ??????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????. ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????.
???? ???
???
????
????? ?????? ???
????? ???
?????? ?????? ????. ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????, ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??
????????
(??????), ????? ?????? (?? ????? ???), ???????
????????
.
???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????:
- ???? ???
: ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????. ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???, ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????, ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????. ?????? ???? ?????? ??????
????? ????? ??????
. ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????.
- ???? ??????
: ????? (?? ?????) ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????, ??? ?
??????
. ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??. ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??
????? ?????
. ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??
???? ?-20
, ????? ??????, ???? ??????.
????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????. ????? ?????? ??
??? ???
, ????? ???????, ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????. ???? ???, ????? ???, ???? ????? ?? ???.
???? ??? ????
?????? ?????
, ???????? ?? ??? ?
??
,
3 ???????
1911
. ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????.
???? ??? ????
?????? ?????
????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????
La Foudre
(?????, ?? ?????), ????
1912
????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????
???? ???
. ????? ?????? ?-
28 ????
1910
, ?????? ????? ?? 800 ?????. ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????, ????? ??? ?????? ????? (Voisin) ???? ???? ???????, ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??????. ?? ??? ???? ??? ???
????? ?????
(Canard Voisin, ????? ?? ??? ????? ?
?????
???), ????????? 1910 ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?
??
. ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????, ??-
1912
???? ????
??? ??? ??????
.
?
????? ?????
???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????
??? ?????
, ?-
26 ??????
1911
. ?-
1912
??? ?????, ??? ?? ?????? ?'?? ????? ????, ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????. ?? ????
????? ????? ???????
???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????
???????
(Felixstowe), ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??
????? ??? ??????
?
?? ??????
. ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????, ????? N-9, ???
???? ?????
????? ???? ?????? ??
?? ????? ?????
.
???? ??????
??? ????
????? ?'???? ?????
????? ????? ?????? ????? ???
????? ?????????
???? ????? ????? ??????
?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????. ?????,
???? ??????
?? ??? ???????, ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????; ????, ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????, ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????. ?-
27 ????
1919
?????? ????? ?????? ???? NC-4 ????? ??????? ??
????????? ???????
. ????? ?????? ???????, ???
???????? ?????????
(????? ????? ?-
BOAC
, ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????, ????? ????? ?
?????? ?????????
) ?
??? ?????? ????? ?????????
(?????? ????? ???? ????-??, ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?-
1991
) ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????????. ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????, ???
?????? ?????
,
????? M-130
?????? ????? ?????,
Latecoere 631
?????? ????,
???? ??????
, ?????? ???????, ????. ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????, ????? ??????? ??? ?? ???
?????? ????
, ?? ??????? ?? ???????.
?
????? ????? ??????
?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????. ?????? ????? ????? ?????, ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??
????? ?????
?????? ?????? ??????. ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????
PBY ??????
, ?????? ????? ?????; ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????, ???????,
????????
,
????
,
??? ?????
, ?
???? ???????
; ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????, ????
??? ?????? ???????
.
?????? ?????
???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????, ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????; ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????
????
, ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????
????
. ??? ??????? ?
???????
???????? ???? ?? ???
???? 196
.
???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????. ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????, ?????? ?????? ??? ???. ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ????, ??? ?? ????? ????, ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????; ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????, ???? ???? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????: ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??????, ?? ?? ???? ?
???
?????, ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????, ?????? ????? ????; ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????, ????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ?? ?
????
???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????: ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????, ????? ??????? ??????? ?????.
???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??????, ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?
?????
?????, ???? ???? ??????. 59 ?????? ???? ?? ?????, ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????, ???? ?????? ????
????? ?????
. ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????
???? ???
??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????, ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????, ?????? ?????.
????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???, ????? ?
???? ?????
, ??
1970
.
???
?
???? ???????
?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???, ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????; ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ????, ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????.
???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????, ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???
????? ??????
(??? ????) ??????.
???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? DHC-6 ????? ????, ?????? ????? ?????? West Coast Air
??? ?????? ???????? ??????
???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????
: ???? ???? ???????? HH-52a Seaguard ????? ??? ???? ????? HU-16E Albatross. ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????.
?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???????, ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???. ???? ??????? ?????? ??????, ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??. ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????; ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ????, ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??. ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????????; ??????? ?????? ?"??????" ???? ?????.
??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????, ?? ?
????
??????. ??????? ?????, ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?
??? ?????
????. ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????, ??? ????, ??????, ?????? ???????, ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???????. ????, ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????, ??? ?????? ????.
????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????, ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????, ??? ???????? ????????: ?? ????, ???????
????? ??????
??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???, ??? ????? ?? ????? ???, ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????.
????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????, ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????. ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?
?????? ?????
?? ????? ?????? ???, ????? ????; ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???, ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ? ???? ????? ???????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ????.
?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????, ??? ?
?????
??
????
, ???? ?? ???? ?? ??
?????
???? ???? ????? ?? ??????. ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????, ??? ?????? ?'??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????.
?
????
??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???
???
??? ?????
????? ???? ?????. ?? ??? ???
??? ??????
???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????.
?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????, ?? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????.
???? ??? ?? ????
????????? ?????????
????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????, ????? ?????
?????
,
1938
????? ?????? ???? 323C "??????", ????? ???? ???? (????? ????????? ???? ???? ?-30)
???
?????
, ??
?? ????
, ????
???? ??????
??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????
????????? ?????????
, ????? ??????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ??????? ?-
20 ????????
1931
[1]
. ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? S-17 Scipio. ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? 323C "??????", ?? ?? ????? ????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???
1942
[2]
[3]
.
?
??? ?????? ???????
????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????, ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????, ????? ??? ??? ???
[4]
. ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????????? SA 321
???? ?????
????? ?????? ????? ????, ??? ?????, ??? ????, ??? ????? ?????
?????
??"? ????
. ???? ??????: