??????
(?
??????
:
Montana
?????
ⓘ
?
) ???
?????
?????
????? ?????
. ??? ????? ????? ????? ?
????? ????????
; ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????, ?? ??????????, ????? ??????? ??????, ??? ????? ?-44 ??????.
????
1893
????
??????
?????
?????????? ??????
???? ????? ???? ?? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????.
??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??
???? ??????
. ??????? ???? ??? ?
????? ?? ????
, ?????? ?
???????
??
???????? ??????
????? ???????
??????????
???? (???
??????????? ???
?
?????????
).
?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? (
?'?? ?????
) ?
??????
?????.
???? ??? ??? ????? ?
??????
??????? ???????
??
?????? ??? ???? "????? ?????". ?-
1864
??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?????. ???? ????? ??? "?????" ??????, ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????, ??????.
?????? ?????? ?
???? ????? ?????
?????? ????? ?
?????????? ???????
???????? ???????
,
??????
?
????'???
, ????? ?
????? ???????
??
????? ???????
, ????? ??
???????
?????? ?
??????
. ??????? ??? ?????? ???????: ?????? ????? ????? ?
???????
(????? ?? ????????? ???????) ????? ?????. ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?
??? ?????
.
?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ???. ????? ?????????? ???????? ??
C°
29.2 ??????? C° 2.2. ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????, ?-20 ?????
1893
, ??-5 ?????
1937
????? ?????? C° 47 ???. ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ????. ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????
1954
?? C° 70? ??????? ??????? ?-C° 56.7? ????? ????? ????, C° 37.8? ??? ???? ???'??. ?????, ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?-24 ????, ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????. ??? ??, ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?-C° 50 ?-C° 60. ????? ?????? ?'??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?-15 ??????
1972
, ????? ?-24 ???? ???? ????????? ?-C° 49? ?-C° 9.
????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? 1,580 ?"? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????, ???? ?????? ??? ?????. ????? ?? ???? ?? 7 ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????.
?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??????, ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??????. ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? 2007 ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????. ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????. ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?
?????????? ???????
????? ??????? 20% ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? 80% ?????? ??????.
???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??.
??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?
????
?
????? ?????????
, ???? ????? ????? 15 ??????. ????? ????? ??? ?????
????? ????? ??????
????? ???
???
?
?????
???? ?????, ????
??????
?
??????
???? ????? ???????.
?????
1850
?
1880
???? ???????? ??????? ?????.
?-
26 ????
1864
????? ????????? ??????, ?????? ?? ???????, ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????. ????????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????. ?-1876 ?????? ??????
??? ???? ???????
. ?? ??
??? ????? ?????
????? ????, ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????.
?????? ???? ?
?????
?-41 ??
????? ?????
?-
8 ???????
1889
.
????
1925
?????? ?????
????? ????
????.
???? ?????????
????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? 8%. ??? ??, ??? ???? ?????????, ???? ???? 2010, 89.45% ???? ?????????? ?? ????? (87.8% ????? ????? ???????) 6.3% ????????? ??????? ??????, 2.9% ??????? ????????, 0.6% ????????, 0.4% ????????????????????. ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?-2% ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????, ?????, ??????, ????????, ?????? ????????, ?? ???, ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? (????????) ???????? ?????? ?????. ???? ???? 2000, 94.8% ??????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??, ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????. 47% ?????? ?????? ?? ??????
??????????
, 23%
???????
, 20% ??? ???????? ????, 1%
?????????
, 0.5%
??????
, 0.5%
???????
?- 0.5%
??????.
?? ?? ??? ????
?????
, ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? "????" ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? 19.6%.
???? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ????: ???? (50 ?????? ? ?? ??? ?? 16?34 ???????????
[????? ?????]
) ???? ?????? (100 ?????? ? ?? ??? ?? 32?68 ???????????
[????? ?????]
). ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????, ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????. ?
????? ???????????
?? ??? ???? ?????.
???? ?????? ?? 2 ?????? ????? ?
??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????
. ???? ??? ?? ??? ????, ???? ????? ???? ???? ?-
1990
. ?-2010 ????? ????? ???? ???? ????, ?? ?????. ?-2021 , ???? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ????, ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? 2022. ?? ?? 2 ??????? ????? ??:
????? ?????
, ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? 2022, ???? ????? ?
????? ????? ?? ????? ?????
?
?????
??
?????
????? ?????
, ?
??? ????????
??????????, ????? ??????? ?-2020 ????? ????? ???????? 2022 ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????, ????? ??????? ???.
?????? ????????, ?????? ??? ????? ???????. ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?-1988 ?? 2006 ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?
??????
????. ???
1992
?? ???? ?????? ???????
??? ???????
?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????????. ???????
2008
?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????????
?'?? ?????
???? ???. ??? ???? ???????, ??? ???
1889
60% ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??-40% ?????? ??????????. ?????? ????????, ??????????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ??????.
????
1916
????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????????
?'?? ?????
.
??????? ?? ??? ?? 4
????????
??????? ??????? ????? ?????, ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??
?'?? ????
???????? ?
???? ?????
??????????.
???? ?????? ???
??? ?'????????
, ????? ?
????
?-25 ??
?????
??????. ???? ???, ???? ????
??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????
???? ??????.
???? ?
?????
???????? ??
??????
,
??????
?
?????
. ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????
???
?????, ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????. ?????, ?????? ???????
??? ????
, ??? ???????. ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????, ????????? ???????? ?? ?????, ???,
??????
,
???? ????
?
??? ????
. ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???
?????? ????
[1]
.
?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?-20 ??-30 ?? ???? ?-20 ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ????? ?-40 ??? ????? ?????? ?????, ?? ????? ???? ?-50 ?? ??? ???? ?-60 ???? ?????? ????? ????. ????? ?-70 ???? ?????? ?????? ??????, ?? ????? ?-80 ???? ????? ?????
[2]
.
?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? 3.2% ???? ????? 2001-2008
[3]
????? 2010 ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?
?????? ?????
[4]
. ???? 2015 ??? ????? ?
?????
??????? ?-4%, ???? ?? ????? ???? ?
?????
?????
[5]
??-
2019
??? ?-3.8%. ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???
?? ?????
.
??? ?
???? ?-19
???? ????? ??????, ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????. ???? ?-2013
??? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????
??? ????? ????? ??????.
- ??? ????? ?
??? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????
|
?????? ?????? ???????
[7]
|
????? ??-????????
|
87.8%
|
????????
??????
|
6.4%
|
????????
|
2.9%
|
???????
|
0.6%
|
??????
|
0.4%
|
?????
|
2.5%
|
|
?????? ???? ???? ???????
[8]
|
??????
|
28.6%
|
?????
|
15.2%
|
??????
|
12.6%
|
????????
|
9.1%
|
????????
|
6.8%
|
??????
|
5.1%
|
???????
|
3.5%
|
??????
|
3.1%
|
??????
|
3.1%
|
???????
|
2.6%
|
??????
|
2.5%
|
|
???? ??????? ???????
[8]
|
??????
|
95.4%
|
??????
|
1.3%
|
???
|
3.3%
|
|
|
???????????? ??????? ??????? (????? 2014)
[10]
|
?????
|
?? ??????????
|
?????????
|
?????
|
1
|
???????
|
166,885
|
???? ??????
|
2
|
??????
|
112,684
|
???? ??????
|
3
|
????? ????
|
82,344
|
???? ??????
|
|
- ^
Montana
, Netstate
- ^
Montana: A History of Two Centuries
, page 314
- ^
Montana's economy sees stronger growth in 2013
, missoulian, December 29, 2013
- ^
Jobs Report: Montana Ranks High for Economic Growth
, September 1, 2014, flatheadbeacon
- ^
Montana’s Unemployment Rate Drops to 4 Percent
, flatheadbeacon
- ^
"Montana"
, Religious Landscape Study,
Pew Research Center
- ^
"U.S. Census Bureau Data"
. U.S. Census Bureau. 2010. Retrieved 2011-07-13.
- ^
1
2
American FactFinder - Results
- ^
"Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2013"
. census.gov. May 2014. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
- ^
"Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014"
(CSV).
2014 Population Estimates
. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. March 2015. Retrieved March 26, 2015.