???? ???'?? ??
(?
??????
:
Leon Richard Kass
; ???? ?-
12 ???????
1939
) ???
????
,
??????
,
????
,
?????????
?
????
.
???????
????????? ?
?????????? ?????
.
?????
???????
???-??????????
. ???? ???"? ?????? ????????? ?
???-?????
?????
2001
?
2005
, ?????? ?????
?'???' ??? (???)
. ??? ??? "
????? ?'?????
" ????
2009
??
???? ??????? ????? ????
. ??? ?-
AEI
("???? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???????", American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research) ???????????, ????? ?-
1943
??????? ?
?????????.
???? ????? ??????? ??
???? ???
??
???????
.
[1]
????? 2019-2016 ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???, ????? ???? ?
????
???? ?
???? ?????? ???
.
[2]
?? ???? ?
?????
, ?????? ??????
????? ???? ??????
, ???????? ??????
??????
,
?????????
, ?????
?????
???? ??. ??? ???? 15 ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? 19 ???? ????????? ???? ????? (
B.Sc
) ????????? ?
?????????? ?????
. ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????? (M.D ?????????) ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? "??? ?????" ?
??????
???'????
, ????? ?
?????????? ???????
[3]
.
???? ?? ???????? (Ph.D) ??????????? ??????? ?
????????
?-
1967
????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?
???????? ?????????
???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????, ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????. ?? ???, ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????-????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????. ?-
1970
??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????-?????.
????? 1982 - 1988 ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? (????? ????? - ?????) ??????.
?-
1961
???? ?
????? ??
(????) (????? 1940), ????? ???-??????????? ????? ????? ????, ?
???? ?????
??????????? ???????? ?
??????? ???????
??????????? ?????. ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????.
????? ???? ?-
1977
, ??? ?? ??? ??????, ?? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????????? ?????, ????? "??? ?????". ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????, ?????? ???????? ??????????? ?????, ????? ?"????? ????????" ?????
2000
?? ??? ???? ??????
?????????? ??????
??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? -
Wing to Wing, Oar to Oar: Readings on Courting and Marrying
. ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????.
??? ?-
1972
???? ?? ?
????
, ????? ?
??? ?'?? ????'
?
????????
,
??????
, ??? ?? ?
?????????? ?'???'????
?????????? ??-
1976
?? ???? ?
?????????? ?????
. ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????, ?? ?
?????
??? ?
???? ????
??????? ????? ???
???? ?????
??????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????. ??? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??.
????? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???"?, ?????? ?? ??? "
??????
". ??? ???? ??, ??? ????? ??????? ????, ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????, ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? "???? ??????" ??????. ?-
2003
??? ????, ?????? "??? ???", ??? ???? ?????? ?? -
The Beginning of Wisdom: Reading Genesis
.
????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ??, ???? (2011), ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????
[4]
- ?Genesis
- ?Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics
- ?Nature: Aristotle and Descartes
- ?Plato: Symposium
- ?Human Nature and Human Good: Rousseau's Discourse on the Origin of Inequality
- ?Science and Morals: Friends or Foes?
- ?Ethics of Everyday Life: Courtship
?-
1975
??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????, ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?
????????????
[5]
.
??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?
??? ???
- Stem Cells - ???????. ???, ????? ?? ???? ????? ????????, ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????. ?????, ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???, ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???. ???????
2001
????? ?????
?'???' ??? (???)
?? ???? "
?????? ????????? ????-?????
", ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???, ?? ???, ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????-?????. ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????. ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????
2002
???? ???? ??????? U.S. News and World Report, "???????? ?? ?????"
[6]
.
??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????, ??????, ???????
[7]
. ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???, ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????????, ?????? ??????? ????-?????, ?????? ????.
?? ???? ???"? ?????? ?? ???????
2005
?????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ???. ?????? ?????? ???"? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??"??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???, ????? ?????? ???-????? ????????, ????? ???"??? ??????? ????, ???????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????, ???? ??????? ????????? ?????????.
??????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????, ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? (????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????), ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?
????? ?????
, ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???, ??? ????? ????, ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????. ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??"? ?????? ????????, ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? (???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???), ????? ?????? ???????.
?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ????. ?? ???? ????, ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????, ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????, ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?
????????
?????? ????? ?????. ??????, ??????? ??
????? ?????
, ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?"???????" ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????, ?????? ?????? ????, ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ??????
[8]
.
??? ?-
1967
??? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????. ????? ?????? ??
????????? ????
, ???? ???? ??, ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ?"?????" ??? ???, ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??, ???? ??????? ??? ????, ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????. ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? (??? ?? ?'???? ??????) ??? ?????? ??, ???? ???? ?????? AEI ?-1998 -
The Ethics of Human Cloning
. ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????. ??? ???? ???? ????-?????????? ?????? ????? ?? ?
???? ??????
??????. ?? ?? ??????? U.S. News and World Report, ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????.
?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???????, ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????????. ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???, ??? ???? ????? ??? ??, ???? "
???? ???
" ????? ????? ?? ????? ????, ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??. ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??, ?????? ????. ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???????, ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????, ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????
[9]
.
????
2009
??????
???? ??????? ????? ????
, ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????, ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?'????? ????? ???
[10]
. ?? ?? ????, ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ????. ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?
?????????
?-21 ???? 2009. ??? ??? ?? - Looking for an Honest Man: Reflections of an Unlicensed Humanist ??? ???? ??? ????????? ?????, ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????????
[11]
.
- ????? ????
: ????? ???? ?????? / ????? ???; ???? - ???? ??????. ????? - ???? ????. ?????
???
, ??"? 2010;
???? ?????? ?? ????
(????? ?????)
, ???? "
????
"
- Leon R. Kass.
The Beginning of Wisdom: Reading Genesis
. New York: Free Press, 2003. (ISBN
0-7432-4299-8
)
- Leon R. Kass,
Life, Liberty, and the Defense of Dignity: The Challenge for Bioethics
, San Francisco: Encounter Books, 2002. (ISBN
1-893554-55-4
)
- Amy A. Kass and Leon R. Kass, eds.
Wing to Wing, Oar to Oar: Readings on Courting and Marrying
. South Bend, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 2000. (ISBN
0-268-01960-6
)
- Leon R. Kass and James Q. Wilson.
The Ethics of Human Cloning
. Washington: AEI Press, 1998. (ISBN
0-8447-4050-0
)
- Leon R. Kass.
The Hungry Soul: Eating and the Perfecting of Our Nature
. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994 (2nd ed. 1999). (ISBN
0-226-42568-1
)
- Leon R. Kass,
Toward a More Natural Science: Biology and Human Affairs
, New York: Free Press, 1985. (ISBN
0-02-918340-5
)
- ?????? ????? ???????
, "
????
" 12, ???? ????"? / 2002
[12]
- ????? ?? ??????? ?????: ????, ??? ??????
, "????" 32, ??? ????"? / 2008
[13]
- ???????? ????? ????
, "????" 34, ???? ????"? / 2009
[14]
- "????? ???????"
, ???? ?????? ???
?????? ?????
?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?-2003,
"????? ?????"
("
????
" 16, ???? ????"?, 2004)
???? ??
, ???? ???????
Goodreads
???? ??
, ???? ??????? ??????????
IMDb
(???????)
- ???? ??
???? ??
??????
??????? ???????
- ?? "????? ????" ?? ??
, ???? "???? ?????"
- ????? ?? ?? Ageless Bodies, Happy Souls: Biotechnology and the Pursuit of Perfection
????
The New Atlantis
- ?????? ?? ??, Humanities, May/June 2009, Volume 30, Number 3
, ???? NEH
- ???? ??, ?
?????? ????? ???????
,
??????
, 1 ??????? 2002
- Yuval Levin,
A Guide to the Work of Leon Kass
, Contemporary Thinkers, 20 ?????? 2012
(???????)
- ^
????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??
, ???? ???? ???
- ^
????? ???
, ???? ????? ?????? ???
- ^
?? ????? ?? "
????? ?????? ??? ?????
" ???? ?????, ????? ?"
????? ??????????
"
- ^
[1]
??? ?????????? ?????
- ^
National Research Council, Assessing Biomedical Technology: An Inquiry into the Nature of the Problem, Washington: National Academy of Science, 1975
- ^
Nell Boyce, "The President's Philosopher,"
U.S. News and World Report
, February 11, 2002
- ^
????? ?????, 23 ?????? 2002
???? Reason
- ^
Harvey Flaumenhaft, "The Career of Leon Kass,"
Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy
, 20, 2003
- ^
The End of the Stem-Cell Wars,"
The Weekly Standard
, December 3, 2007
- ^
????? ???? ?? ?????? - 23 ???? 2009
- ^
???? ????? ?'????? ?? ??
- ^
[2]
- ^
[3]
- ^
[4]