???? ????????, ???????????? ???????
????? ??????
(?
??????
:
Israel Abrahams
;
26 ???????
1858
?
6 ????????
1925
) ??? ???? ??
???? ??????
?
?????????? ?????????'
, ?????? ??????? ?????.
?????? ???? ?
??????
???? ?????' ?????? (
Jews' College
), ???? ??????? ?? ????
???? ??????
????? ??? ?
???? ???????????? ?? ??????
??
?????????? ??????
. ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????
???????
(1881-1899),
??????
(1894-1903) ????? ?????? ???? (1899?1905) ?????' ??????. ????? ?????? ?
???????????
?? ??? ???? ?????? ????, ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????????.
???? ?-25 ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????
?'???? ???????
?? ?????? ?????. ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????
?'???? ??????
??????? ????. ????
1895
???? ????? ??
???? ??????????
?????? ???? "?????? ?? ??????" (
Aspects of Judaism
). ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? "????? ??????? ???? ???????" (
Jewish Life in the Middle Ages
, 1896), ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????. ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? "????? ?? ?????? ???????" (
Chapters on Jewish Literature
, 1898) ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?
????? ??? ???
?? ???? ?? ????????
??? ???????
. ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????, ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????
????? ?????
?????????? ???????. ????
1899
???? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ???-???
Jewish Quarterly Review
, ?????-??? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????, ????? ???? ??????? ????????. ??? ??? ????? ???? ?
??????????? ????????
(1911) ?
??????????? ???????
(1903).
????
1902
??? ?? ?????? ??
?????? ???? ????
???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?
?????????? ?????????'
???? ??? ??? ?
????? ?????
. ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????. ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?
??????? ??????-??????
, ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????. ????
1922
??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? "
?????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????
" ?
?????? ???????
. ???????? ???? ?
????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????
????? ??? ?????? ???? (
Campaigns in Palestine from Alexander the Great
, 1922). ???? ??????, ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???????????? ?? ????? (
Jewish Studies in Memory of Israel Abrahams
, 1927).
- Jewish Life In The Middle Ages
, The Macmillan Company, 1919. (
???? ????? ?? ????
????
?????? ????????
)
- Judaism
, Archibald Constable, 1907. (
???? ????? ?? ????
???? ?????? ????????)
- Aspects of Judaism: Being Sixteen Sermons
, Macmillan, 1885. (
???? ????? ?? ????
???? ?????? ????????)
- Chapters on Jewish literature
, The Jewish publicationsociety of America, 1899. (
???? ????? ?? ????
???? ?????? ????????)
- By-paths in Hebraic Bookland
, The Jewish Publication Society of America, 1920. (
???? ????? ?? ????
???? ?????? ????????)
- The Book of Delight: And Other Papers
, The Jewish Publication Society of America, 1912. (
???? ????? ?? ????
???? ?????? ????????)
- Festival studies: being thoughts on the Jewish year
, Macmillan, 1906. (
???? ????? ?? ????
???? ?????? ????????)
- George Alexander Kohut (ed.),
Jewish Studies in Memory of Israel Abrahams
, New York: Press of the Jewish institute of religion, 1927.
- Harvey W. Meirovich, "Israel Abrahams : master teacher of liberal Judaism",
European Judaism
34,1 (2001), pp. 4-16
- Elliott S. Horowitz, ""Jewish Life in the Middle Ages" and the Jewish life of Israel Abrahams",
The Jewish Past Revisited
(1998), pp. 143-162
- David G. Dalin, "Israel Abrahams, leader of liturgical reform in England",
Journal of Reform Judaism
32,1 (1985) 68-83
