???? ????????, ???????????? ???????
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Torosaurus
) ??? ??? ??
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1891
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, ?-66.8 ?? 66 ?????? ???
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.
??????????? ??? ??? 4 ?-6 ??? ?????? ??? ?-9 ???.
[1]
???? ?
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???, ???? ?
????
??? 2.6 ???.
???? ?????? ?????? ??? "??????????" ??? "????
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??????
??????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ???. ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? "???? ??????" ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?"??????" ??????? ?
????
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[
????? ??? ????
|
?????
]
??? ?? ??????????
?-
2010
???? ?
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?'?? ?????
??? ??
?'? ?????
?????? ???? ???? (?????
2009
-
2010
) ??
??????????
??? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ???
?????????
???? ???? (mature), ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? "??????" ?????.
[2]
[3]
?????? ??? ??????? ??
Triceratops prorsus
??????? YPM 1822 (???????? ???????, A) ?-
Torosaurus latus
???? ANSP 15192 (???????? ???????, B)
???????
???????
?????????? ???????????? ???? ????, ??? ???????? ???? ????? ???? (???? ?
????
?????? ?? ??????). ??? ????? ???? ????? ?
???
: ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? (?? ????, ?????: ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????) ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????, ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???????. ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????: ???? ?????? ??????????? ??? ???? ????????: ?????, ?????, ??? ???? ?????? ????, ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ????. ????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??.
[2]
???????' ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????. ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????????? ??????. ????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?"??????" ????? ?? ??????????, ??? ???????' ?????, ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?"??????" ????? ?? ??????????.
[4]
????? ?????
??????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?-30 ???????? ?? ?????????, ?????????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ???
??? ????????
????.
[5]
????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????
[6]
, ?? ????? ???, ?????,
????
????? ?
????????????
?
??????? ??? ?????
, ????? ?? ????? ??? "??????????" ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? "?????????".
- ??????????? ???? ????? ?? ?-
BBC
:
?????? ?? ??????????
???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????. ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????.
- ??? ???? ?? ?????
??????
, ?? ?? ?????? (?? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????).
- ??????????? ???? ???? "The Dino King", ?? ??? ??? ????? ???????????.
- ^
Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2011)
Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages,
Winter 2010 Appendix.
- ^
1
2
Switek, Brian.
"New Study Says Torosaurus=Triceratops"
.
Dinosaur Tracking
. Smithsonian.com
. ???? ?-
2 ???? 2011
.
- ^
"New Analyses Of Dinosaur Growth May Wipe Out One-third Of Species"
.
Science News
. ScienceDaily.com. 2009-10-31
. ???? ?-
2009-11-03
.
- ^
???????' ?????,
Torosaurus Is Not Triceratops: Ontogeny in Chasmosaurine Ceratopsids as a Case Study in Dinosaur Taxonomy
, ??? PLOS ONE, 2012
- ^
Leonardo Maiorino mail, Andrew A. Farke, Tassos Kotsakis, Paolo Piras, ????? ????? ???????,
Is Torosaurus Triceratops? Geometric Morphometric Evidence of Late Maastrichtian Ceratopsid Dinosaurs
, ???
PLOS ONE
,
2013
.
- ^
Neil Bowdler,
Triceratops and Torosaurus dinosaurs 'two species, not one'
,
BBC
, 1.3.2012
