????? ?????? ???? ?????
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[1]
?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????; ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????; ?????? ?????? ??????
?????? ??? ????
?????? ????? ?
????
??????.
???? ???? ????? ??? ??????????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??. ????
1975
, ?????
???"?
?? ??? ???? ?????.
[2]
??? ??????,
???? ????
, ????? ????? ????, ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????.
[3]
???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?"?
???? ????
.
[4]
?????? ???? 92 ????? ??????, ?????? ????? ????? ??????. ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???????, ?????? ?"? ????, ??"? ?????? ????? ??????, ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????. ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??-????? ??? ???? ??????, ????: ?????, ?????, ???? ?????? ?????, ?????, ??"? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????. ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????. ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????.
[5]
????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????, ???????, ?????? ??? ???? ?????, ???? ???? ???? ??????, ??????? ???? ????? ??????.
???? ?"?? ?????? ????? ????
1976
,
[6]
????? ??????? ???????, ????
1978
[5]
, ???? ?????? ????? ?
???? ????
, ??? ??? ????? ??:
"?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????.... ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????, ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????. ??????? ?????? ???, ??? ???? ?? ???"? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????... ??? ????? ????... "
[7]
?????? ??????? ???"? ???? ????? ?? "???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????..."
[8]
[5]
????? ?? ?????? ????? ???"? - "?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????".
[9]
[5]
?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? '??? ??', ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? - ???? ????? ???????, ??????. ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????, ????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????.
?? ???"? ????, ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????, ????? ????? '??? ??', ????? ?????? ??????? ????????, ???? ???? - ????? ??' 218 ? "... ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????, ??????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????...".
[10]
[5]
????? ?????? ???"? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????"? ?? ???? ?????? ??????,
[11]
???? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????, ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????. ?? ???? ?????, ???? ????? ?????, ?????? ??????? ???? ??????:
| ?????
|
??
|
?????
|
| 1978-1979
|
???????
???? ??-????
|
????? ???? ??????
|
| 1980?1988
|
?"? ???? ????? - ?????
|
????? ???? ??????
|
| 1983?1984
|
??? ?????
|
??? ??? ???, ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????
|
| 1988?1992
|
??"? ???? ????
|
????? ???? ??????
|
| 1992?1993
|
???? ????
|
?"? ?????, ????? ?????, ????? ?? ?????
?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???
|
| 1993?1996
|
????? ???
|
????? ???? ??????
|
| 1996
|
??????? ?????????
|
??"?
|
| 1996?1997
|
????? ????
|
??"?
|
??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???"? ??????, ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????, ????? ???? 1991 ?????, ???? ???? ? "????? ????? ???? ?????", ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?"? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?"? ??? ????.
[12]
?"? ????, ????? ??????? ??????????, ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??"? ????. ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????, ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????, ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????.
?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????, ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? (1995).
[13]
[14]
?????? ?????, ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? 1998, ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???"?: ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????, ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????????, (
????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????
[15]
) ??? ???????? ???????? ??????.
??????
2023
????? ?? ????
????? ?????? ???? ?????
, ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????, ??? ?????
??? ????
????.
????? ????? ?
???
??????? ????
1998
??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????, ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???.
[16]
??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????, ?????? ?-'???? ?????? ?????????'. ????? ?? ????? ???, ????? ?? ?????, ?? ???????, ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????, ???? ??????, ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????, ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????/????, ???? ????, ??????? ??? ???? /????? ??????, ?????? ????.
?? ???? ?? ?? ?????/?????, ??????, ??? ??? ?????? ????????, ?????? ???????? ????????? (?????? ?????????), ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ????????, ?? ?????? ?????, ???? ?????? ??????, ????? ???? ?? ??, ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????, ????.
?????? ??????? ???????? ????, ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? [??????????] ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????, ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? "??? ??????" ???????.
[17]
????? ??????? ????? ??????, ??????? ???? ?
????? ???????
, "??? ???? ?? ??? ????"; ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????.
????? ????? ???? ???? ??????, ?? ???? '???? ??????' ??????? (???????????), ????: ????? ????? ???? ?????, ?????? ???? 1998, ?????? ????????? ?????;
?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????
, ?????? ???? 2000, ?? ????? ??????? (???????????) ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???? "
?????? ?????? ????????? ??????
", ?????? ???? 2008.
???? ?????? ?????? ??????, ??????? ??"? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????, ?"?
????? ????
, ?????? ??? ???????? ???????, ??? ?? ???????? ??????, ????? ?????? ???? ?????, ????? "???????? ?????".
[18]
????? ???? ??? ?????, ??? ????? ????? ??????, ?????? ??? ??????. ?? ?????, ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????. ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????. ????? ?? ????? ?????, ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????.
[19]
????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?"? ???? ?????
????? ??? ?? ???
?????? ?????? ?????? ????? 2023 ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? '????? ?????? ????? ??????' ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????. ?????? ????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????, ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???. ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????, ??? 44 ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?"????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????, ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????, ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????."
[20]
????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????: "?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????, ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????"? ?????? ?????? ??? ????, ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? - ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ?????. ???? ??? ... ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????."
[21]
?????? ????? ?????? ?????:
????? 2023 ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????
??? ????
???? ?? ??"? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????, ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????, ????? ???? ????. ?????? ??? ???
????? ????? ??????
?
????
????? ????? ????, ??? ????: "??????? ?? ??"? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????"
[25]
.
???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????:
"4. (?) ????? ????, ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????, ?????? ??????? ??? ??????, ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? (???? - ????? ?????? ?? ?????)."
[26]
?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????:
"5. ???? ????? ??????? ???? 4, ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???:
(1) ?????, ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????, ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????;
(2) ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????;
(3) ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????;
(4) ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????;
(5) ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????, ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????;
(6) ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????;
(????? ??' 1) ???"?-2007
(6?) ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?
????? ????
????? ????? 6?2 ?
??? ????? ?????? ?????
, ????"?-1951;
(7) ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????;
(8) ?????, ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????;
(9) ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? 1979 (???? - ?????);
(10) ????? ????? ?????? - ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????;
(11) ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???-??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????."
[26]
??? ??? ???? ??"? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????.
[27]
???? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ????, ????? ????? ????? ??????, ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????.
?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????, ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????:
- ????? ??? ?????: ?????? ?????, ????, ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????????, ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???.
- ?????? ???????: ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????, ???? ????:
- ?. ???? ????, ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????, ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??????, ????? ??? ?????????.
- ?. ???? ????, ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ; ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????, ????????, ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????. ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????, ?????? ???????.
- ????? ????? ??????: ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????. ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???/????? ???????, ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????????.
???????? ?????? ???? ?????, ??????? ???? ?????:
???? 4. "(?) ??????? ?????, ??? ?????? ???? ??????, ????? ?? ????? ??????."
7. "(?) ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ... ?? ?????, ???? ?? ??? ?????? (???? - ????), ?????? ?????? ?? ?????, ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????; ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??????."
8. "(?) ???? ??????, ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????, ?? ???? ??? ?????."
??? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????, ??????: ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????, ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????.
[28]
??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????, ??? ?????? ????? 6. (?) "????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????, ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????, ???"?-1958 [???? ?????] (???? - ??? ???? ??????), ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????, ?? ????? ??? ???? ???."
???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????, ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? 4 (?), ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????. ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??????
25 ???????
- ?
??? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????
????? ?? ??? ????? ????
1999
.
[29]
????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????,
[30]
??? ??????? ???? ???
??? ????? ??????
- ?????? ??? ??? ??????
2 ??????
.
[31]
[32]
???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????, ????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????, ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????.
???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????
?????? ??? ????
, ?????? ????? 4 (?) ?????? 5 (9) "????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? 1979 (???? - ?????)"
[33]
??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????, ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????.
[34]
???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????, ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ???????? - ???"?
[35]
??????? ??????? (OECD).
[36]
???? ?????, ????? 5. (11), ????? ?????? ?? ????? "????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???-??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????." ??? ???? ????? ????, ???? ??? ?????, ?? ????? ??????? ?????.
[37]
????????? ????? ?????, ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????. ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? - ??????; ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????.
??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????, ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????/?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????, ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????.
[38]
??????? ????? ?????
[39]
????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????. ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????, ?? ??? ???"?. ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???, ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? 1975 ???????. ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????'??? ???? 1995, ????????? ???? ??? ???????, ????? ???? Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, ???? ????? 12 ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????, ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????.
[40]
???? 2000, ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? MDG
[41]
????? ??? ????? ???? ????????, ???? ???? ??? ??? ????.
??? ???? ?????, ????? ????? ?? ?? ?????, ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???"?, ?????? ?????
??? ????? ?????????
, ????? ???, ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??????, ??????? ??????? ?? ??
????????
?????, ????? ?????.
- ^
??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??????, ???? 2009 ????? ?"? ???? ??????, ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????, ????? ???? ???????, ?? ?????? ???? ???????. ???? 2013, ???? ?"? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????, ?? ?? ?????? ?????, ?????? ????????? ??? ????, ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????. ???? 2015 ????? ??? ???? ??????, ???? ????? ??????? ??????, ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????, ??? ?? ?????? ??????. (????? ??' 36 ?? ?????? ?-34" ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????
http://www.pmo.gov.il/Secretary/GovDecisions/2015/Pages/dec36.aspx
(26.5.2015)
?? ????? ???? ????? ?"???? ??????? ?????", ????? ??' 335 ?? ?????? ????? ?? (4.8.2015) " ???? ????? ????, ?????, ?????, ??????? ?????: ?????? ??????, ???? ????? ????????, ?????? ?????????
- ^
?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???"? ????? ??? ????, ??? ??? ??????.
- ^
????? ????? ???? ?"? ??? ???"?, 1975,
- ^
????? ???, 16/2/76,
http://jpress.org.il/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin_TAU.asp?From=Archive&Skin=TAUHe&BaseHr
]
- ^
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3
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5
??"? ???? ???? (1978) / ?????? ??????, ??-????? ? ????? ?????? ?????, ???? ???? 143.3/1/150, ???? ???? ??-2657/13.
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?????? ???? ??????: ????? ??' 146, ????? ???????, ???? ???? ? ????? ??"? ?????? ????? ????? ?-8 ?????? 1982.
????? ??' 149, ????? ???????, ???? ???? ? ????? ??"? ?????? ????? ????? ?-15 ?????? 1982.
????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ????, "??? ??? ?? ??????", ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????, ?????? ?? ???,2019, ???' ????, ???? ???????, ??'445-454
- ^
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https://www.idi.org.il/articles/9570
]
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????? ?? "?????? ?????" ????? ??????? ?? ?????/? ?????, ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? 2013 ??? ??????? ?????? ???. ???? ???? (2014) / "?????? ?????? ?????? ?????", ??? 5, ????: ???, ?' ?????, ?' (??????), ?????? ?????? ??? ??????, ?????? ?????? ????, ??????????? ??????.
????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????,?? ????? "???? ?????" ???? ????? "?????? ?????" ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? "?????? ?????" ????.
?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????.
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; ???? 1998 ????
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, ???? GOV.IL
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??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????.
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?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? - ?????? ?????? ??????
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[www.unwomen.org
https://www.unwomen.org/en/csw/brief-history
]
- ^
Gender Equality
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?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????, ????? ?????, ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????, ?????: ???? ????-?????, ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????, 2004 ???????? 13.
https://main.knesset.gov.il/Activity/Info/mmm/pages/default.aspx
??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ????, ????? ?????, ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????, ?????: ????? ?? ???, ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????, 2005 ????? 21
http://fs.knesset.gov.il/globaldocs/MMM/4d0dd0bd-8e32-e811-80de-00155d0a0235/2_4d0dd0bd-8e32-e811-80de-00155d0a0235_11_7778.pdf
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???? ?????? 2010 ??"? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???"? ????'??? +15 ??? ????, ???? 2010, ??? ?? ???????, ????? ?????.
https://iwn.org.il/
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Millennium Development Goals
www.un.org/millenium/declaration