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????, ????? ????? ?????? ????? ? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????, ??? ?? ??, ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? (????? ? "???????"). ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? "??? ????" ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????, ???? ?"??? ???" ?? ?????? ?????, ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????.

??? ????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????: ?????? , ??? ???? ???? 1984 ???? ???? ?????? ????????: ??? ????? ?????? , ??? ???? ?????, ???? ???? ?????. ??? ??? ????? [???? ?????], ????"??1984 , ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ?? ?????, ????? ?? ?????? ^[1] ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????. ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????, ????, ????? ?????? ????????, ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????.

??? ????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

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??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ? ????? ???????: ???? ??????? (?????) ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????, ????? ????? ???????, ???? ???? ????, ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? "??? ???", ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????, ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????.

??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ? ??? ???? ???? ???? (??"?), ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????, ????? ?? ?????? ??????, ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????, ??? ??? ??????, ???? ??? ??????. ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???"?, ????? ?????? ???? "??? ???? ????".

?????? ????? ???? ?????? , ?????? ???"? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????, ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??????. ????? ?? ????? ??"? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????. ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???, ??????? ???? ??????: ???????, ???? ??? ??????, ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? , ???? ?????? ????, ??????? ??????, ???? " ?????? ??????? ", ?????? ????? ??? ????: ???? ???? ??????? ???? 1992 .

?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????, ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? .

??? ????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? ?????? ??, ??? ????, ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? 2.5 ?????? ??? ^[2], ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????, ???????? ??????? (???? ?????? ??????? ??? ). ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????, ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?????, ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ? ??? ????? ????? . ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??? . ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? "????? ??????" ????? ?????? ??????? ^[3], ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???.

?????? ???? ??? ???? ???????:

??	????	???	????/? ????/?	?????? ?-1960 ^[4]	?????? ?-1970	?????? ?-1981 ^[5]	?????? ????
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??? ????? ?????? ?????	???? ????	????	??? ?????	17	14	16	35
??? ????? ?????? ??? ????	???? ?? ????	?? ????	???? ?????	18	24	37	49
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?????? 1954 ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ^[7]. ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? 1954 ^[8], ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????????. ???? 1960 ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ^[9] ?????? ??? 1961 ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???, ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ^[10], ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ^[11]. ???? 1962 ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ^[12]. ?????? 1963 ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????, ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ^[13]. ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? 1965 ^[14].

??? ?????? 1949 ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????, ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? . ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? 1949 ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ^[15]. ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ^[16]. ?????? 1955 ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????, ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????. ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ^[17], ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ^[18]. ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ^[19], ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????, ????? ??? ?? ???? ^[20]^[21]. ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ^[22] ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? 1968. ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???. ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????, ?. ?????? ? ????? ???? ??-?????? ^[23].

???? 2007 ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????, ????? ???? ? ??? ????? ^[24]. ???? 2008 ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ^[25].

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???? ?? ????	???? ???-?????	?? ?? , ?????? , ?? ????	127
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?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????? , ?? ?????? ? ????? ???? ????? , ????? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ???, 2004.
?? ?????? , ???? ????????? ???? ??????. ??????, ??? ?. 1999.
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???? ???? , ??? ????? ?????? , ????? ???? , 2022, ??? 10: ?????? ??????, ??' 75?82.

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

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???? ???? , ? ????? ??????: ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? , ????? ???? ? 105 (2007)

???? ????? , ?? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? News1 ????? ?????? 28 ??????? 2018
???? ???-??? (?????), 75 ???? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ?????? ?? ????-??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? , ???? ????? ??????, 2023. ^[33]
????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? , ???? ?????? ??????
????? ???????? , ???? ????? ?? ?? ??: ????? ????, ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? , ???? Xnet ‏, 19 ??????? 2020

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^ ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?????, ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????, ??????? ? ????? ???????? 7094, ????"?, 13 ??????? 2015, ??' 7992 .
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^ ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? , 11 ??????? 1960, ????? ???????? 797, ??' 118
^ ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? , 4 ??????? 1981, ????? ???????? 2698, ??' 1214
^ ???? ??? ??? ????? ???????? , ??? , 10 ??????? 1948
^ ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? , ????? , 22 ??????? 1954
^ ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? , ???? , 5 ?????? 1954
^ ???? ???? ??? ?????? , ????? , 8 ??????? 1960
^ ??? ???? ????? ???? ??"? , ?? ????? , 8 ??????? 1961
^ ???? ????"? ?????? ????? ???????? , ??? , 31 ?????? 1961
^ ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? , ????? , 8 ???? 1962
^ ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? , ??? , 4 ??????? 1963
^ ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??? , ?? ????? , 14 ?????? 1965
^ ??????? ????? ???? ????? , ???????? , 19 ?????? 1949
^ ????? ?? ???? ????? , ????? , 13 ??????? 1953
^ ??????? ????? ???? ????? , ??? , 13 ?????? 1955
^ ???? ??"? ????? ????? ??? ????? , ????? , 28 ??????? 1955
^ ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? , ???????? , 2 ???? 1955
^ ???"? ????? ????? , ??? ??? , 15 ????? 1962
^ ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? , ??? , 26 ????? 1961
^ ???? ????? ???? ??????? , ????? , 21 ???? 1963
^ ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? , ??? , 31 ?????? 1968
^ ????? ???? , ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? , ???? ynet , 20 ???? 2007
^ ???? ??, ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? , ???? TheMarker ‏, 21 ???? 2008
^ ???? 51 ???? ??? ????? [???? ?????], ????"??1984 .
^ ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????, ????"??1995 .
^ ???? 59 ???? ??? ????? [???? ?????], ????"??1984 .
^ ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? 2019
^ ???? ??????: ??? ????? ????????? , ???? GOV.IL
^ ????? ????‏, ???? ???? ????? ?????: ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? , ???? ????? ‏, 22 ???? 2020
^ ????? ????, ????? , ???? ??????, ‏25 ??????? 2020
^ ???? ????? , ????????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? , ???? ???? , 8 ??????? 2023

?????: ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? .

[1] ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?????, ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????, ??????? ? ????? ???????? 7094, ????"?, 13 ??????? 2015, ??' 7992 .

[2] ??? ????? ???????? , ???? ??? ?????

[3] ?????, ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? (???? ????? ??????? ??? "??? ???? ????") ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???.

[4] ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? , 11 ??????? 1960, ????? ???????? 797, ??' 118

[5] ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? , 4 ??????? 1981, ????? ???????? 2698, ??' 1214

[6] ???? ??? ??? ????? ???????? , ??? , 10 ??????? 1948

[7] ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? , ????? , 22 ??????? 1954

[8] ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? , ???? , 5 ?????? 1954

[9] ???? ???? ??? ?????? , ????? , 8 ??????? 1960

[10] ??? ???? ????? ???? ??"? , ?? ????? , 8 ??????? 1961

[11] ???? ????"? ?????? ????? ???????? , ??? , 31 ?????? 1961

[12] ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? , ????? , 8 ???? 1962

[13] ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? , ??? , 4 ??????? 1963

[14] ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??? , ?? ????? , 14 ?????? 1965

[15] ??????? ????? ???? ????? , ???????? , 19 ?????? 1949

[16] ????? ?? ???? ????? , ????? , 13 ??????? 1953

[17] ??????? ????? ???? ????? , ??? , 13 ?????? 1955

[18] ???? ??"? ????? ????? ??? ????? , ????? , 28 ??????? 1955

[19] ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? , ???????? , 2 ???? 1955

[20] ???"? ????? ????? , ??? ??? , 15 ????? 1962

[21] ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? , ??? , 26 ????? 1961

[22] ???? ????? ???? ??????? , ????? , 21 ???? 1963

[23] ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? , ??? , 31 ?????? 1968

[24] ????? ???? , ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? , ???? ynet , 20 ???? 2007

[25] ???? ??, ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? , ???? TheMarker ‏, 21 ???? 2008

[26] ???? 51 ???? ??? ????? [???? ?????], ????"??1984 .

[27] ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????, ????"??1995 .

[28] ???? 59 ???? ??? ????? [???? ?????], ????"??1984 .

[29] ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? 2019

[30] ???? ??????: ??? ????? ????????? , ???? GOV.IL

[31] ????? ????‏, ???? ???? ????? ?????: ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? , ???? ????? ‏, 22 ???? 2020

[32] ????? ????, ????? , ???? ??????, ‏25 ??????? 2020

[33] ???? ????? , ????????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? , ???? ???? , 8 ??????? 2023

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