???? ?? ?????
 |
| ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????????
|
|
?????:
?????? ?? ????
|
|
?????:
????? ????? ??????
|
|
???????
|
20 ????
1941
?
1 ?????
1941
(13 ????)
|
|---|
|
????
|
?????
,
????
|
|---|
|
???????????
|
35°30′00″N
24°03′40″E
/
35.5°N 24.061111111111°E
/
35.5; 24.061111111111
|
|---|
|
?????
|
?????? ?????
|
|---|
| ?????? ???????
|
|---|
|
|
|
|---|
| ??????
|
|---|
|
|
|
|---|
| ?????
|
|---|
???????:
15,000
????:
11,000
????????:
7,100
??? ?????:
6,700
??"?:
40,000 (10,000 ??? ???? ?????)
[1]
|
??????:
22,000-35,000 ???, 280 ???????, 150 ?????? ?????, 180 ????? ???, 500 ????? ?????, 80 ??????
??????:
2,700
|
|---|
| ?????
|
|---|
3,990 ??????
1,925 ??????
11,835 ??????
5,255 ?????? ??????
|
2,124 ??????
1,917 ??????
2,640 ??????
17 ?????? (???? ??????)
|
|---|
| |
|
|
???? ?? ?????
(?
??????
:
Luftlandeschlacht um Kreta
; ?
??????
:
Μ?χη τη? Κρ?τη?
) ??? ??? ??????? ??????
????? ????? ??????
?? ??? ??????
?????
. ??? ?? ??? ??? ?
?????? ?? ????
????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??6 ?????? 1941,
???? ?????
. ???? ????? ?????
20 ????
1941
??
????? ??????
??
?????? ??????
?????? ??? ?? ????
???? ??????
(???????:
Unternehmen Merkur
). ?? ??? ??? ????? ?
???????
,
????
,
????????
?
??? ?????
??? ???? ?? ???.
???? ??? ?????, ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?????. ????? ???? ??????, ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????, ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????. ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????.
???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????: ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????; ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?
??????
??????; ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????. ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????, ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ??????. ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???
????? ?????
?????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ???? ????? ????? "??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????". ?????, ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????.
?? ????? ?
???????
?
????
?-
28 ????????
1940
????? ????? ?????? ???, ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????. ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?
????? ???????????
?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??
??????
?????? ???? ???????? ??? ????
1939
, ??????? ?????? ???? ??????
1941
???? ????????? ???? ??????, ?????? ???? ?? ???
?????? ????
????????? ?? 57,000 ????? ????? ????? ??????. ???? ??? ???? ?? ???
??? ???????
, ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?-14,000 ???.
?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????. ???? ????? ???????
??????? ???????
?????.
?-
30 ??????
1941
???? ????? ???? ??????
????? ???????
????? ????? ????? ????? ??????.
????'??-???? ???????, ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????
???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?-9,000 ??????. ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?
?'???????
???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?
?????????
, ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?????
????????
. ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????, ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????.
??????? ?
??? ????? ??????
?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? 25,000 ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????. ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????, ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????, ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???????. ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???. ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??"? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????, ???????? ?-5,000 ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???"? ?????? ???????? (????????).
[2]
??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???????????, ?????? ?????? ???? ??????, ?????? ????? ???
??????
(?????? 603, 606, 602, 601, 604 ? - 608), ??? ????, ??? ?????? ??????? ????, ????? ????? ?????? ? - 1 ?
???
1941. ??"? ?????? ??????????? 495 . ???, ???? ???????? ????, ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?
???? ????
, ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?
?????????
[3]
?-4 ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????
???'???? ??????
??? ???? ??????? ?? ?-10,000 ??? ???? ??? ???. ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????.
????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????: ?????, ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????
??? ??????
. ????, ???? ???? ?
??????
??
??????
??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????. ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???. ???, ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????, ????? ????? ?? ??? ??
??? ?????? ???????
?????? ?? ?????? ?
?????????
???? ?????? ?
?????????
??????? ??????? (?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????).
?????
??????????
?????? ???? ?????? ????.
?-
25 ??????
???
?????
?? ????? ???? 28, ?????? ?? ????? ??????. ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????, ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????. ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???????.
?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????, ?? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?
????? ?????
, ?
????? ?????
, ?
????????
?????? ?????. ????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???
???? ????????
????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???????. ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???????, ???? ?????? ??"? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????. ???? ???? ??????, ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? 18,000 ??? ?????? ?-23,000 ?????? ??????. ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????.
[4]
?????? ????? ?????? ?
???????????
(??????: Fallschirmjager; ??????) ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???, ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????. ?? ?? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?-11 ????? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ?-7, ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????, ??????????
????????? ?????? ?-22
??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ????? ?-
16 ????
, ?? ??? ????? ?-
20 ????
?
????????? ?????? ?-5
?????? ??
????????? ?????? ?-22
.
????????, ??????, ???????, ??? ?????
[
????? ??? ????
|
?????
]
????? ????? ???? ????? ???????
???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????
[
????? ??? ????
|
?????
]
????? ???, ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ?
??????
. ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???????, ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????. ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????, ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???, ?? ?? ???? ???. ?????, ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????, ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????, ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??, ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ??
[5]
. ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????.
[
???? ????
]
?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ???, ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????, ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? - ??? ?????? ?????. ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????. ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????, ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????, ?? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????, ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????.
??????
?????? ?????
, ???? ?
??????
??????, ????? ????? ?? 5,000 ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???. ??????? ??? ?? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????????, ??? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????."
[6]
. ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????,
???????? ???????
, ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???, ???? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????.
??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????????? ????, ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????, ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????. ????
??????? ???
, ???? ?????, ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ???, ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????.
?????
??????????
?????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???.
??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????: Leichtgeschutz 40, "???? ??" ?? 7.5 ?"?. ????? 145 ?"?, ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??
???? ???
????? ??????? ?? 75 ?"? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??. ??? ??? ??? ?? 6 ?"? ????? 5 ?"?. ??? ???????? ????? ?
??-????
MP40
??????? ?????? ???? ??
????? K98
. ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????
MG34
.
[7]
??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????, ?????? ????? ???. ???? ??? ?-Leichtgeschutz 40 ????? ?? ????-????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???.
??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????.
?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????, ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????, ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? - ??? ?? ????? ????. ????, ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????, ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????. ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????: ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????, ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????. ????? 25% ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????, ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????. ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????.
??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????-?????? 6.5 ?"? ????? ??????-?????? M1895 8 ?"?. ???? ?????? ???? ???? Gras ??????. ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????, ??? ????? ?????. ??? ??? 12 ?????? ???? ????? Saint Etienne ?-40 ?????? ???? ??????. ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ?-30 ??????, ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???????. ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? - ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???, ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????.
?????? ?????? ????? ??????.
????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????
?? ??????
???????, ???? ??
???
?
???? ?????
. ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??
????????
?????? ???, ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????.
?????? ????? ??? ?-85 ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????, ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???.
????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?"? ??? ?? ????? 20 ?"? ?????????, ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????. ??????? ?????? ????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????, ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????, ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????.
????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??"?
?????? IIA
(????? ?-40 ?"? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????, ??? ?????? ??? ??"?
[8]
) ????? ??? ????? ???? ????
????? ???? 6
.
?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????. ???????, ??????, ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????. ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?
?????????
?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????. ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????
????
????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?
????? ?????
????. ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????, ??? ????.
????"? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????. ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????, ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????, ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?
???????
??
??????
. ???? ?????? ????????, ???? ?????????? ??????? ????, ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???-????? ?????, ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ????, ?????-????
???? ??????
??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????, ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????. ???? ?????, ????? ????? ???? ???????: ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????, ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????; ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???
??????? Bf 109
??????, ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????. ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???
???? ?????
, ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????, ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????.
?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???
Merkur
, ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????????
????????
. ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???, ????, ???? ?????, ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????. 750 ??????, 10,000 ??????, 5,000 ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?-7,000 ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????. ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????.
?
????????
??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???????
?"?
???????, ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????. ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????. ?? ???, ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???
????? ????? ??????
?
?????????
. ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????, ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?
??? ?????? ???????
???? ??????? ???. ?? ???, ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???. ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????
???? ?????
?? ??? ????; ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????, ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????. ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????, ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????. ??????? ?? ???????, ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????, ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????, ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????.
??? ?????? ??????? ??????
?-20 ???? ???? 8:00 ?????, ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????
?????
. ??????? ???? ??????? 21, 22 ?-23 ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???????. ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????. ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????, ????? ????? ????
????? ??????
???? ???. ????? ???? ?????, ??????? ????
????-?????? ?????
. ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? 112 ??? ???? 126; 400 ???? 600 ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????.
??????? ???????? ????? ??????, ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????. ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???
??????
????? ?????? ???????.
???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????, ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??"?????? ????" ????? ?????. ?? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????, ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???.
?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??, ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??
?????
??????? ?? ???? 95. ???????, ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? 95 ?
????????
??
?????????
, ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????.
????? ???, ????? ?????, ?????? ??? ??????, ????? ???? ???????. ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????, ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???.
??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????, ????? ??? ???? ??
??????
?-4:15 ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?-5:30. ????? ??????? ??????, ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????.
??????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???"? ??????? ?-14 ??????? ????? 2/4 ????????, ??? ??? ????????? ??????? ?-3 ??-7 ?"??? ????" (??? ?????????? ?-5 ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ????). ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????, ??????? ??? ????, ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????????, ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????.
??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????, ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??; ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????. ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?
??? ?????
, ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????. ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?
??????
.
???? Ju 52 ????? ?? ????? ????
?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????. ??????? ??????? - ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? - ???? ??? ?? ?????, ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???????.
????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? 107, ????? ?? ??? ??????. ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?????.
??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????. ?-1924
???????? ????, ??? ????
???? ?????? ???????, ??? ?? ?-1935 ???? ????? ?????? ???????????. ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????, ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????. ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?-
22 ??????
???? ??? ???????, ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?-
4 ????
. ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????.
[9]
???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????????, ????? ?
?????
. ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????, ??? ??????. ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????, ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?-3 ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????. ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???, ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????, ?????? ?'?. ??. ????, ???? ????. ?? ????? ????"? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???, ??? ?? ?????? ??????. ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???, ?????? ??????, ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ????.
????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????; ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????, ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????. ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??. ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????. ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????, ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? HMS Decoy. ?? ????? ????? ????????? ????
22 ????
.
???? ????? ??????
?????, ?-21 ????, ???? ???"? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? 107 ???? ????? ?????. ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????, ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??????. ???? ????? ????? ????
?????? Ju 52
???? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???. ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????, ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????.
????? ???????? ?? 21 ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ?????, ???? ?????? ????? ?-25 ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ????, ??? ?????? ?? ????'??? ??????. ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????, ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????, ?
?????
???? ????, ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????. ????? ???? ?????
??? ??????? ??????
?? ?????? ???????, ??? ????? ???? 22 ???? ??? ??????.
?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????, ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?21-22 ????. ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????, ?? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???????, ????? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????.
??? ?????? ????? ???? ???.
???? ??? ?????, ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????, ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????. ?????? ????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????. ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????, ???? ??????? ?????.
??? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????. ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????, ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?'???? ???????. ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????, ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????. ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???. ?????? ?????????, ?????? ???? ????? ?????, ????? ??????? ??????? ??????. ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ???????, ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????. ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ???'? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?"? ??????? ???? ????? ???????. ?????? ??"? ?? ??????? ????? ???. ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????. ??????? ????? ???'? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????. ????? ?????? ??, ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????, ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????. ????, ???? ?? ???? ?? ???'? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????.
?-23 ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????. ??????? ????? ????? ????, ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? 279 ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????, ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????.
????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????, ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????.
????? 26 ???? 1941 ????? ??
????? ??? ??????
????????
, ?
?????????
, 2 ?????? ??????? ??????: ??
???'???? ??????
(???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????) ???
????? ????? ???????
(???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????) ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????. ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????. ?????? ??? ?? ????? 3 ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???. ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???. ???????, ???? ????? ??????? ???
[10]
:
???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???, ??? ???? ????, ?????? ?????. ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????, ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???, ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???. ????, ?'???, ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???. ???? ?? ????? ??????? 300 ??? ?????? ????? ????.
?????, ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????, ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????
[?]
?
????? ??????, ???? ??????, ??' 153
?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????, ????? ?? ????? ?
??????
. ????? ????? ?????? ????? 16 ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????, ??? ??
??"? ?????
???????? ?
??? ??? ?? ????
. ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????????, ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????.
??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????, ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???
????????
?????? ????? ????? (??? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????). ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????. ????? ?? ?????
????"?
, ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????"? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????.
??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????
????? ?????? ??????? ??????
????? ???????
??? ???? ????? ?"?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????". ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???, ???? ??????? "???? ???? ???? ????? ?????, ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????. ???? ??? ????? ?? ????" (??? ????? ????? ????).
?????? ?????, ????? ????????, ???? ??????. ?????? ???? ?? ???, ????? 30 ????, ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?
???? ???????
. ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?-21 ????, ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????, ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????.
????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???????:
???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????... ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????, ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???, ???? ????????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????... ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????... ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????... ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?????.
?
D.M Davin: Crete (Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War) ??' 383
?-1 ?????, ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????, ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????, ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????.
?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????
??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?
????????
?
????????
??????
????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?"?????" ??????? ?????? ?????, ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????????/??????? ????? ????. ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????
???? ???????
, ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????.
????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?????, ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????
[11]
, ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????, ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?
???? ???????
. ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???????, ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???. ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????. ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????.
??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????: ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ????, ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????, ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????. ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????, ?????? ??????. ?? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????, ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????, ?????? ??????? ?? ???????, ?????, ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????. ??? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????. ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???.
????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????. ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????, ????? ??? ?
??? ?????? ???????
???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????. ????? ?????? ?? ????
?????? ??? ?????? ???????
?-1 ??????? 1942.
??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?-1945. ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?-50,000 ?????? - ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????.
???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?
?????
?????? ?????? ?? ???, ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ????? 1941 ???? 79 ??? ??????? ?????. ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???. ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????, ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????. ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????
?????? ????
, ????? ?-1944 ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???, ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???, ????? ?????? ???????. ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ?'??'?? ????? ???? ???????: "???? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????, ??? ???????? ?????? ???????".
??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?-365 ???, ???? ??????. ????? 1944 ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????????, ??? ????? ???? ???? ???. ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? "?????", ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????. ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?
?? ?????
?-9 ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????. ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????.
??? ????? ????
?????, ??? ?????? ?-1,500 ????? ????, ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????
[12]
?????? ????? ??? ??? ???????, ???????, ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?-6,453, ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????. ?????? ???? 4,465 ????? ?????? ??????? - ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????; ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? 300 ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????. ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? 900 ?????? ??????? ??????? ?-1,250 ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????. ??????? ??
??????? ?'??'??
??????? ???? ????? ?-15,000 ?????, ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?-22,000. ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???, ????? ?? ??"? ????? ??????? ?????? ??-16,800 ??????, ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???.
????? ????? ????? 3,500 ??????: 1,751 ?????? ????? ???? ??????, ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? (12,254 ???? ????? ?-5,255 ??????). ????? ??? 1,828 ????? ?-183 ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????.
???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????, ???? ???? ?????? ? - 120 ?????? ??????????. ????, ? - 110 ??????? ?????? 606 ?? ??????, ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?
?????
???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??. ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????
[13]
.
???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????. ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???????, ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????????.
- ^
??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????, ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???. ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????, ????? ??????.
- ^
Gavin Long, 1953,
Official Histories ? Second World War Volume II ? Greece, Crete and Syria
(1st ed.), Canberra: Australian War Memorial, p. 210
- ^
Long, p.218-219
- ^
???? ????,
?????? ????????
, ??? ?????, ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? 1939 - 1942, ???????: ?? ???? ?? ???, ???"? 1979, ??' 388, 391
- ^
Peter D. Antill,
Crete 1941: Germany's lightning airborne assault,
Campaign
series (Osprey Publishing : Oxford; New York, 2005) ISBN
1-84176-844-8
, p. 13
- ^
????? ??????, ?????: ?????? ????,
???? ??????
???????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????
, ???? ????? ????, 2011, ??' 152
- ^
Christopher Buckley
Greece and Crete 1941,
(London: 1952; P. Efstathiadis & Sons S.A.:1984) ISBN
960-226-041-6
, p. 163
- ^
Antill, p. 25
- ^
Antill, p. 24
- ^
Buckley, p. 211
- ^
????? ??????,
???? ??????
???????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????
, ???? ????? ????, ??' 153
- ^
general editor, I.C.B. Dear ; consultant editor, M.R.D. Foot. (?),
The Oxford companion to World War II
, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995, ??' 97
- ^
???:
??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????
- ^
???? ????,
?????? ????????
, ??? ????? - ??? ??????, ????? ???????, ???????: ?? ?? ???, ???"? 1979, ??' 146