????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? (?
??????
: U.S. Army Office of Military Support; ???????: USAOMS)
, ??? ?????
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?????? ?
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(
JSOC)
. ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????
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?????? ???????
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??? ???? (SFOD-D)
,
???? ?? ?? ????? ??? (DEVGRU)
??-
CIA
.
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1981
?
1989
??? ??? ?????
?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?????
(?
??????:
The
United States Army Intelligence Support Activity -
USAISA
), ???? ?? ?????
????? ?????? ???? (FOG)
. ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????.
????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?"
???? ???? ????
" ???? ?-1980 ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? "Field Operation Group"
[1]
. ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?-29 ?????? 1981 ?????? ??? "?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????", ????? ???
????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????
[1]
. ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????
[1]
. ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????: ???? ?????? ????????, ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????. ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????, ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????
[2]
. ?????? ?????? ?????? ??
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?
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[3]
, ???? ?????? ?? ???
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.
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????? ????? ?? ????? ?????
????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???????. ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???: "???? ????" (Gray Fox), "??? ????? ????" (Task Force Orange), "???? ??????" (Torn Victor), "?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????" (Intelligence Support Activity), "???????" (The Activity), "??? ????'???? (Army of Virginia) ?"????? ?????" (Centra Spike)
[4]
[5]
.
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[5]
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[6]
, ?????? ?????? ?? ???????
[6]
,
???? ????? ??????
,
????? ?????
.
?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? (MIA), ????? ???????, ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????, ????? ??????? ???? (??? ????
?????
???? ?'??????
, ?????
?????? ???????
?????
?????
?'??? ???????
) ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????, ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????. ????? ??????? ?
????? ?????
??? ??????
??????? ??????
??
??? ????
?
????? E
[7]
??? ????? ??????: ?'?? ???? (????? ?????? 1981?1984), ?????? ????? (1984?1986), ?'?? ???? ??? (1986?1989)
[8]
[9]
????? ???????
[6]
,
????? ?????
(2005?2008)
[3]
,
????? ?????
,
???'?? ????
(2012?2014).
- ????? ????'
Killer Elite: America’s Most Secret Special Operations Team
, St. Martin's Press, 2011
- ??? ??????,
Relentless Strike: The Secret History of Joint Special Operations Command
, St. Martin's Press, 2015
- ^
1
2
3
????? ???????? ?? ??????
, ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?
?????????? ?'???' ?????????
- ^
?'??? ???'?????,
"Truth Conquers All Chains": The U.S. Army Intelligence Support Activity, 1981-1989
, ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????, ??? 12, 1999
- ^
1
2
Meet the Shadow Warrior Leading the Fight Against the Islamic State
,
Foreign Policy
, 1 ???? 2015
- ^
??? ??????, Not a Good Day to Die: The Untold Story of Operation Anaconda, Berkley Books, 2005
- ^
1
2
Jeffrey Richelson,
The U.S. Intelligence Community
, Westview Press
- ^
1
2
3
Inside U.S. Commandos’ Shadow War Against Iran
, ????? ????, 1 ??????? 2015
- ^
Michael Smith,
Killer Elite: The Inside Story of America's Most Secret Special Operations Team
, St. Martin's Press, 2007
- ^
Tony Lackey inducted into Army Military Intelligence Hall of Fame
, ?????, 25 ??????? 212
- ^
???? ???? ??????
, ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?
?????????? ?'???' ?????????