?????? ??????

**?????? ??????**
	??????? ????? ???????? ? ??? ?????????
???????	1881 ? 1899 (??18 ????)
????	???? ??????
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?????? ???????
???????? ??????? ; ?'????? ????? ; ; ???? ??????? ; ; ???????? ; ; ???? ; ; ????? ?????? ; ???????? ???????? ; ; ???????? ???????? ; ????? ????? ???????	????? ?????????
??????
?'???? ?????? ; ???? ?'??? ?????? ; ?????? ???'??	????? ???? ; ???????? ??? ?????
?????
?? ??? ?-17,821	?? ??? ??? 73,148
	; ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? (???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?-2011).

?????? ?????? (? ?????? : Mahdist War , ? ????? : ?????? ??????? "?????? ??????") ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? 1881 ? 1899 . ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????-??????? , ??? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? .

?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????; ???? ?????? ??? ????? 1883 ? 1885 , ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????, ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????. ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???????. ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? 1898 ? 1899 , ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???'?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ??????.

??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ???? 1517 ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????'????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? (????) ?????. ???? ???? ?-18 ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????? ????, ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ? ?? ?????? , ???? ????? (???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???) ??? ????? ? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????????.

?????? ???? ?-19 ???? ????? ????'????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????, ????? ???? ???? ? ????? ^[1]. ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????'????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????, ???? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????'????? ^[2]. ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???????????, ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????.

?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????-????? ???? 1882 . ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? , ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ? ???? . ??? ???, ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????. ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???????, ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????.

?????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????, ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????????? (?????) ?? ?-70,000 ????? ????? ?-3,500 ????? ????? ?-46 ??????. ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? :

?????????? - ??????? ?? ????' ???'??? ??-???, ?????? ?-18 "??????" ?? ??? ?? ?-1,200-800 ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?"?'??????", ??? ????? ???????. ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????, ???? ???? ?????????. ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? 10-12,000 ??????.
???? ????? - ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??'???? ?????, ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???????. ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? , ????? ???? ?????.
???? ????? - ?? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? . ????????? ????? ????? ?? ?? "???? ?????" ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ????. ????? ?????????? ???? ????? , ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????.

?????? ???? ?????, ????? ?? ????????? ????? ?-4,000 ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????, ????? ??? ?????? 11 ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???. ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? , ?????? ? ????? , ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ^[3].

?????? ??????-????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ??????? ???????, ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????, ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??????. ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????, ??????? ????? ??????-???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ???????, ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????, ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????. ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????, ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???'??, ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????.

???? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ???????? ??????? ??????? 1883?1885 [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

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

????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????. ???? ???????, ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ? ???? ?????? ????? ?- 9 ?????? 1882 . ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? 4,000 ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????, ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????, ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????. ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??.

????? ???? 1883 ????? ????? ???? ??????? ? ?'???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? 7,000 ????? ?????, 1,000 ?????, 20 ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???. ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????. ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? 40,000 ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???????. ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??-??????, ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ?????? 1883, ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??-?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ^[4] ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????, ???? ???? ????? ????, ???? 2,000 ?????? ????? ????.

?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? , ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???? .

????? ?? ?'???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? 1883 ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????, ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????, ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????, ?????? ??????? ???? ?????????. ?????? ??????? ????? ? ?'???? ?????? ?????? ??'???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????.

?????? ??? ????? ?????? 1884 ?????? ?????? ?'. ?. ???????, ??? ???? ?????. ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????, ?? ?????? ?????? , ????? ????? ????. ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??'???? ?- 18 ??????? . ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????, ??????, ?????? ???????? ?????? ??-2,500 ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????. ?? ?? ????? ?? ??????, ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????, ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????, ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????, ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????. ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????, ??? ??????, ??????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????, ????? ???? " ?????? " ?? ??????, ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????.

??????? ??????? ??'???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???'??? ?????. ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????. ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???, ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?'??? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????. ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ?????, ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ????, ??????? ?????? ?????. ?- 15 ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??'???? ??????? ?? ?????; ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ? ????? ????? ??? ?'???? ?????. ???? ????? ????, ??'???? ????? ?????? ???????.

?????? ???? ?? ???? ?'???? ??-30,000 ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?- 18 ???? 1884 . ?'????, ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ????? , ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????, ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?'???? ???. ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????, ???? ?????? ??????, ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???????. ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????.

??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????, ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? - ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????. ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ?- 8 ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????. ???? ????? ???? ??-??? ???? ??? ??????? ???'?? , ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????, ???? ??? ?????? (?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????). ???'?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????. ?? ?????? ??????, ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????, ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????.

?- 10 ??????? ????? ??'???? ?? ?????????, ???? ?????? ???????? ? ?????? , ?????? "????". ?- 18 ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????, ??????? ???????. ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??'???? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????. ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?'????, ??- 21 ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??'????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???'?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? "??????" ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????. ?? ?? ??? ??????: "??? ?????, ??? ??????, ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???... ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????, ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???; ??? ????? ?? ????, ??? ??????? ???? ??? ".

?- 12 ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?'???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???. ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????, ?????? ????? ?? ?? ????, ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????. ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????. ?- 13 ?????? ??? ??????: "?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? 10 ????, ???? ????? ???? ???? ?-200 ???, ????? ???? ?????; ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????. ??? ????." ?? ?????, ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? "????????" ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????.

???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????, ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????, ????? ??? ?- 19 ?????? 1885 ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??'???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????????. ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????. ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??-24 ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????, ?'???? ?????? , ???? ??? ??? 20 ?????? ?????? ?-250 ?????? ???????.

?- 26 ?????? 1885, ???? ???? ????? ????, ?????? 50,000 ????? ????? ?? ?'????. ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????, ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??????, ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????, ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????. ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????. ??????? ???, ??? ?????? ?'????, ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????. ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????. ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??.

?????? ??????, ?- 28 ?????? (??? ?????? ?-52 ?? ??????), ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????, ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?'???? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????. ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????.

????? ????? ????????? 1885?1898 [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ?? ???? ????. ??? ???? ?????????? ? ?????? ???? .

?????? ?????? ?????? ???? 1898?1899 [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? ? ??? ?????????

??? ?? ???? ????. ??? ???? ?????????? ? ?????? ???? .

?????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ?? ???? ????. ??? ???? ?????????? ? ?????? ???? .

?????? ?????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????, ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????.
????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????.
????? " ??????? ????? ?? " ?? ????? ??????' ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????.

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

Barthorp, Michael. 1988. The British Army on Campaign: 1816-1902 (4): 1882-1902 . London: Osprey
Featherstone, Donald. 1993. Khartoum 1885: General Gordon's Last Stand . Oxford: Osprey
Featherstone, Donald. 1993. Omdurman 1898: Kitchener's Victory in The Sudan . London: Osprey
Knight, Ian. 1989. Queen Victoria's Enemies (2): Northern Africa . London: Osprey
Whitehouse, Howard. 1987. Battle in Africa: 1879-1914 . Surrey, UK: Fieldbooks
Wilkinson-Latham, Robert. 1976. The Sudan Campaigns: 1881-1898 . Oxford: Osprey

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ??????????

?????? ?????? , ???? Heritage History

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ ?? ??????, ?-15 ????? ???? 1860?1875, ????? 400,000 ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????; Wilkinson-Latham, 1976, ??' 9
^ Wilkinson-Latham, 1976, ??' 10-11
^ Featherstone, 1993, ??' 25-27
^ ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????.

[1] ?? ??????, ?-15 ????? ???? 1860?1875, ????? 400,000 ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????; Wilkinson-Latham, 1976, ??' 9

[2] Wilkinson-Latham, 1976, ??' 10-11

[3] Featherstone, 1993, ??' 25-27

[4] ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]