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??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????, ??????? ?? ????? ????. ??? ???? 2005 ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???, ??? ????? . ?????? ????? ??? 1992 ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? .

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??? ????? ???? ????? ?- 1958 ?"???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??"?", ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ? ???? ?????? ^[1] . ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????, ??? ????? ?????, ?????? ??????? ????????? , ????? ? ????? ? ?????? ^{[2] [3]} . ???? 1961 ????? ????? ?????? ???? ? ???? ??????? ^[4] . ???? 1964 ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ^[5] ???? ???? 1965 ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????. ???? 1966 ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????????? ??????? ^[6] . ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ^[7] .

???? 1968 ????? ?????, ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???????? "????", ? ?????? " ??? " ^[8] ?????? ?? ?'???' ???? ???"? ????? ??????? ^[9] , ????? 1969 ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? . ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ^[10] . ????? ???? ?-70 ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ????? ??? "???", ??? ????? ?? "??? ??????" ?????? ?????? ^[11] .

?- 1984 ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? , ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? "??????", ??? ?????? ?????? (???? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???? , ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???"?) ???????? ?????? ???-?????, ??? ???? ?????? " ???? ??? " ??? ???? ????? , ????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ??. ^[12]

?????? 1987 ?????? 25% ?????? ????? ? ????? ^[13] ????? 1990 ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ^[4] . ???? 1992 ??? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????.

???? 2002 ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ^[14] . ???? ??? ????, ???? 2012 ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????. ???? 2006 ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????-?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? - ????? ?????? ^[15] . ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? (??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????) ?? ??????.

???? 2005, ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? , ?-52% ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?-48% ?????? ??????? , ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ^[16] . ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???. ???? 2008 ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ? ??? ????? .

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