??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????. ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????, ???
??? ??? ?'???
.
??? ?'???
??? ????
????????
?????, ????? ?????? ?
????? ????
?? ???????
???????
?????? ?????? ?????
???? ????
[1]
.
????? ????? ?-
1882
?? ??? ????? ????????:
?'???? ???
,
??????? ?'???
?
?'???? ????????
(?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????????). ?'???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????. ??????? ?'??? ??? ?????????? ???????? ???? ??????
???? ?????? ???
. ?'???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?-1884
[2]
.
???? ???? ?? ?????? ?'???? ??? ???? 1902 ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????, ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????. ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? 1928, ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?'??? ????? ???????. ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????, ??????? ?-64% ???? ????? ?????. ??? ?'??? ?????
???? ???????
???????? ?????
?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????
[3]
.
????
2007
, ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????
???? ????
, ??????? ??? ???????
????? ?????
,
???? ???
????? ??? 5 ??????? ????
[4]
. ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????
[5]
. ???? ??? ????, ?-
1 ???????
2007 ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??????
[6]
. ????? ?????? ?-13 ?????? 2007, ????? 5 ??????? ???? ?? 60 ???? ?????.
????? ????
?? ????? ??? ?
?????
?????? ?????? "
??? ????? ?'????
", ????? ?????? ????? ????????. "??'????" ????? ??????? ?-
8 ?????
1889
. ?
??????
"
??????
" ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?
??? ????
, ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???.
????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????, ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???'???? ?????? ?????? ??? "???????'" ("MarketWatch") (???? ???? ?-
CBS
?-
2005
)
[7]
.
?????? ????? ?? ?????, ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???, ??????? ?????? ??? ???
??? ??? ?'???
(Dow Jones Industrial Average), ??????? ???
1896
????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? 30 ????? ??? ??????? ?
????? ??????? ??? ???? ????
[8]
. ???? 2010 ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?'??? ?????? CME ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????
[9]
.
- ^
?????: ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? "??? ?'???"
, ????
????
, 1 ??????? 2007
- ^
??? ???, ?
????? ??'??? ???
, ????
?????
, 16 ????? 2008
- ^
???? ????, ???-????, ?
?'??? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??-??-?? ?? ???? ??? ?'???
, ????
?????
, 5 ???? 1997
- ^
????
,
???? ????? ?? ???? "??? ????? ?'????" ???? ????? ????? ??? ?-8 ??????? ????
, ????
TheMarker
, 4 ???? 2007
- ^
?'???? ?'???? ??'???? ??????, ?
??? ?'??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????
, ????
?????
, 2 ???? 2007
- ^
????? ????, ?
???? 3 ????? ??"?, ????? ??? ???? ?'???; ??? ?? ???"? ?? "??? ????? ?'????" ????? 5 ??????? ????
, ????
?????
, 1 ??????? 2007
- ^
???????? ???????, ?
??? ?'??? ????? ?? CBS ???????' ????? 519 ?????? ????
, ????
?????
, 15 ??????? 2004
?? ?????, ?????????, ?
???? ??? ?`??? ????? ?? ?????-???` ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????
, ????
?????
, 15 ??????? 2004
- ^
??? ??-???,
???? ?????? ?? Dow Jones
, ????
TheMarker
, 4 ???????? 2002
- ^
???????? ???????
,
??? ??? ?'??? ???? ????? ?? ???: ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???
, ????
TheMarker
, 22 ??????? 2009