?'?? ???? ????

?'?? ???? ????
John Edgar Hoover
	?'?? ???? ????, ????? ???? 1961
????	1 ?????? 1895 ; ????????? ??. ??. , ????? ?????
?????	2 ???? 1972 (???? 77) ; ????????? ??. ??. , ????? ?????
?? ????	John Edgar Hoover
?????	????? ?????
???? ?????	??? ?????? ?? ???????
?????	?????????? ?'???' ????????? ; ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ?'???' ????????? ; ?????????? ?'???'???? ; ?????? ??????? ?????? ;
?????	????????? ?????
	10 ???? 1924 ? 2 ???? 1972 ; (48 ????)
??? ? ??????	??????' , ???? , ??????? , ????? , ?????????? , ???? , ?'????? , ??????
???? ????	?????? ??????'
	→ ????? ??? ???? ←
????? ??????
	?????? ????? ???? ( 1939 ) ; ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ;
?????

?'?? ???? ???? (???? ????? ??? ?'?? ???? ???? ; ? ?????? : John Edgar Hoover ;‏ 1 ?????? 1895 ? 2 ???? 1972 ) ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ( FBI ) ???? 1924 ??? ???? ???? 1972. ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ? ????? ???? ?????? ?????, ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????. ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????, ???? ??????? ???????? ????????, ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????. (?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???, ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????) ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????. ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????, ? ?????? ??????' ??? ???'?? ?????? . ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?-FBI ???? ????.

????? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?'?? ???? ???? ???? ?- 1 ?????? 1895 ? ????????? ??. ??. ??????, ??? ???? (???? ???????, 1860 ? 1938 ) ???????? ?????? ???? ( 1856 ? 1921 ). ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ( ??' ) . ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????; ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???, ?'?? ???, ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????. ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?'?? ????? ????? ????? ????, ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????. ??? ????? ????? ????, ??????? ?? ?'??, ??? ???? ? ???? ??????? , ????? ???? ????????? ??. ??.

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

???? ??? ?????? ? ?????????? ?'???' ????????? , ??????? ???, ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?- 1916 ? ???? ??? (LL.M) ?- 1917 .

???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? "???? ?? ??????" ??????? ???. ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????, ????? ??? ? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????. ???? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????, ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???. ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ????, ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????. ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ? ?????????-?????????? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? . ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? . ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????, ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????.

?????? ?? ????? ???? 1921 ??????? ???? ????? ?? "????? ???????" (Bureau of Investigations), ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???. ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ????. 650 ????? (????? 441 ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????) ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????. ?- 10 ???? 1924 ???? ????? ?????? ??????' ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????.

??? ?-FBI [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? , ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????????. ???? 1929 ??? ???? ????? , ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????. ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??????, ???? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???????. ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????, ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ? ???? ????? . ?????? 1928 ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????, ??? ??? 25 ???? 35. ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????, ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? .

???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? , ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????, ?????? ????? ?'?? ??????'? , ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????, ????? "???? ?????? ???? 1" ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ???? ??????. ?????? ?? ??????'? ???????, ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????, ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ???, ??? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ????. ???? 1935 ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????, ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? "????? ???????" ?"???? ??????? ???????" (Federal Beaureu of Investigations ?? ? ???? ????? FBI ).

????? ????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? . ??? ???? 1936 ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??, ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???????, ?????? ??????? ?" ?????? ????? ??????? " ??? ???? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????????. ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????????. ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???- ???????? ????- ?????? ?????? ????? ?????. ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? 1939 ?? ???? ??????, ????? 1940 . ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????, ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ? ????? , ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????????.

?????? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ????? ????? ??????, ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????, ??? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????. ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???'? ??? , ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????, ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? . ???? ??? ?????, ??????? ?????, ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?'??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????. ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???????.

????? ????, ????? ???? ?????? , ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???? , ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????, ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????.

???? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ????? ?? ?????. ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????, ??? ?????, ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????. ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????, ????? ?? 43. ???? ??? ?? ????. ???? ?????? ???????, ????? ??????, ???? ?? ???, ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????, ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???, ???? ???? ???? ???? ? ????? ????? . ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????, ???? ??????, ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????????? ^[2] ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????. ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? , ?? ?????? ??, ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????????, ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??-???????. ???? ???? ??? ?? ???????, ???? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????. ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????, ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????, ???? ?? ???, ?????, ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??.

??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????. ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ????, ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????, ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????. ?? ????? ?? ?'?? ????'??? ???? ??????, ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?' ???? ????? ?????, ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????, ???? ???? ???? 70, ???????. ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????. ????? ?? ????, ?????? ?'????? , ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????.

???? ?? ?????, ???? ?-48 ???????, ????? ? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????. ???? ???? ?????? ???????, ??? ?????, ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????.

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

Beverly Gage, G-Man: J. Edgar Hoover and the Making of the American Century , Viking, 2022 ^[3]

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ?? ?'? ???? ???? , ???? ???? ?? ????? , ????? ??? ???
???? ???????? , ??? "???????"
???????? ????? , ???? ?-FBI
?'?? ???? ???? , ???? " Find a Grave " (???????)
?'?? ???? ???? , ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)
???? ?'?? ???? ???? ? ?????? ??????? (???????)
?? ????, ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????, ??? ?? ?????? ???? , ???? ???? , 25 ?????? 2022
?'?? ???? ???? , ???? ??????? ?????????? IMDb (???????)

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ The Hoover Legacy, 40 Years After: Part 2 , Federal Bureau of Investigation (??????? ????????)
^ ??? ?????? ???? ??: ????? ???, ???? ???? ?? ?? ??????? , ???? ???? , 26 ????? 2018
^ ?? ????, ????? ????? ????? ???? ??'?? ???? ????. ??? ?? ?????? ???? , ???? ???? , 25 ?????? 2022

[1] The Hoover Legacy, 40 Years After: Part 2 , Federal Bureau of Investigation (??????? ????????)

[2] ??? ?????? ???? ??: ????? ???, ???? ???? ?? ?? ??????? , ???? ???? , 26 ????? 2018

[3] ?? ????, ????? ????? ????? ???? ??'?? ???? ????. ??? ?? ?????? ???? , ???? ???? , 25 ?????? 2022

[1]

[2]

[3]