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??? ?? ???? ???? ???????. ?? ???????? ??????? ????, ??? ???? (?????????) .

?????????? (? ??????? : Brescia ) ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? . ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? , ??? ???? ?-200,000 ??????. ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????, ?????? . ???? ????? ??????? "????? ??????" (Leonessa d'Italia), ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????, ???? ???? ?-23 ???? 1849.

???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? , ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?-1.2 ?????? ??????. ????, ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? Brixia, ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ????, ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????, ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????. ???? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????, ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? . ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????, ???? ??? ?????? ??????. ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????, ???: ??? ????? , ??? ????? ???? ??????.

?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ? ????? ??? ???? , ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ??????, ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????, ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????-????? ?? "???? ??????" ???????.

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?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????. ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ? ?????? , ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? . ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ? ??????? , ??????, ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? , ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????, Colle Cidneo (???? ??????). ??????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ? ???????? .

???? ?-4 ????"? ??? ????? ???? ? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????. ???? 225 ????"? ???? ???? ???? ?????, ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???????. ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? (Brixia) (??? ?????? ??) ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????. ???? 202 ????"? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????, ???? ?????? ????? ????, ???? ????? ?? ????, ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????. ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????. ???? 89 ????"? ????? ??????? ?"???" (???????: civitas) ????? 41 ????"? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????. ???? 27 ????"? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????. ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????, ??? ???, ???????, ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????????? , ??? ???????.

???? 312 ???? ??????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? . ???? 402 ????? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? . ???? 452 ????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????????, ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? .

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???? 568 (?? 569) ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ???????? ????? ????????. ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? 573. ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????????. ???? 774 ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ? ???? ?????? . ??? ????? 855 ?-875, ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? (825-875), ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? . ?????? ??? ?-12 ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????, ?? ????? ???? ????? ???????, ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????, ??? ????? ? ?????? .

????? ?-12 ??-13 ??? ????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???????, ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????????. ? ??? ????? , ?-29 ???? 1176, ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ? ?????? . ? ???? ??????? (1183) (?"? ???? ??????? ?? ????) ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????. ???? 1201 ? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????, ????? ? ?????? . ???? 1238 ???? ??????? ????, ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????, ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ??? ???????? (27 ??????? 1237). ???? ?? ????? ?????.

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????? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ? ????? . ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? 1585 ?- 1895 ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????. ?????? ???? ?-16 ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????, ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? 1512 . ???? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? .

???? 1769 ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???. ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? 90 ??? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?????. ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??-3,000 ?????? ?????.

?? ??? ?????? ? ?????????? , ???? 1815 , ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ????????-????? . ???? 1848 ??? ??? ?????. ??? ???? ??? ???? 1849 , ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????, ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????. ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???????, ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????, ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???, ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?"???? ????? ?????". ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?'???? ?????'? ???? ???? ?? ???? "????? ??????". ???? 1859 ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ? ????? ?????? .

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????? ??? ???'?? (Piazza della Loggia) ???? ?????? ? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????, ??? ???? ???? 1492.
?????? ???? (Duomo Vecchio, ??????? "??????? ??????"), ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? . ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?-11 ?? ?????? ?????? ?????.
?????? ???? (Duomo Nuovo, ??????? "??????? ?????"). ?????? ??????? ???? ???? 1604 ?????? ?? ???? 1825.

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???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ??? ?????? , ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? 1927 ? 1957 ????? ??? ???? ? ???? . ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????, ????? ???? ???? ?????. ????? ?? ????, ??????? ???? 1921 , ???? ???????? "???? ??????", ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????????, ???? ???? 1900 .

????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???'? , ??? ????? ???? ???? ? ????? ?' , ????? ?????? ???????. ???? ??? ????? ? ????? ?' .

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????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? 1 ?????? 2022 ^{[???????? 1]}
^ ITALY: Regions and Major Cities
	?????	??	????	?????????	?????	??	????	?????????
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	1	????	?????	2,761,632	11	?????	????	257,274	?????? ??????
	2	??????	????????	1,371,498	12	?????	????	254,661
	3	??????	??????	914,758	13	?????	???????	220,094
	4	??????	????????	848,885	14	?????	????	208,732
	5	?????	???????	630,828	15	?????	??????	200,762
	6	?'????	???????	560,688	16	???????	??????-????? ?'????	200,594
	7	???????	??????-???????	392,203	17	????	????????	196,850
	8	??????	??????	367,150	18	?????	??????-???????	196,655
	9	????	?????	316,140	19	???????	?????	189,171
	10	?????	???????	298,324	20	?????	??????-???????	185,644

[1] ITALY: Regions and Major Cities

[???????? 1]