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???????
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????
.
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?????
", ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???, ???, ??? ??
??? ??????
. ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????: ?????? ??????/??????, ?????? ??????, ??????? ?????????.
???? ?????? ?????? ???? ? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? (???, ???) ?? ????? ???' (???).
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. ?????? ????????, ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? 2100 ?"?/?"?
2
????????? ?? -22°
C
. ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????, ???? ???? ??????.
?????-????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????, ???? ?? ????????? ??? ????-??? ???? ????? ??????? - ????? ?
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.
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?????
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.
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) ??????? ?????? ??? ???
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, ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???, ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????. ????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????, ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????. ??? ??, ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????, ???????? ????????? ????? ?????, ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????????, ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????, ?????? ?? ???????, ??? ?????? ????. ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????, ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ????. ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ????????, ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????, ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????????. ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ????? "???? ???????".
????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????, ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????.
?? ????, ??????? ?????? ?????? ????, ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????. ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ????, ????? ?????? ????? ??????. ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????????, ?????? "?????? ???? ??????". ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??????, ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????????. ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????, ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????.
????? (??????????) ????? ?????? ???????
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??
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????, ?????? ?? ???? ?
????
?????
???? ?? ?????
.
???????? ??? ??????:
H
2
O + CO
2
←→ H
2
CO
3
????? ?????? →← ???? ??-????? + ???
H
2
CO
3
+ CaCO
3
→ Ca(HCO
3
)
2
???? ?? ????? → ???? ????? + ????? ??????
????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????, ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????. ??????,
????????
???? ?
???
???? ???? ???? ???.
CaSO
4
+ 2H
2
O → CaSO
4
.2H
2
O
??? → ??? + ????????
????? ???? ????? ????, ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????, ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???. ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? 16 ??????, ?????
??? ???
(Mudstone) ?
?????
.
?????????
?????? ?????? ????
???? ????
????
????????
- ????? ?
?????
. ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??????
??????
, ?????
??????
?
?????
??????????. ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??? ????.
2KAlSi
3
O
8
+ 2H
2
O → Al
2
Si
2
O
5
(OH)
4
+ 4SiO
2
+ K
2
O
????? ?????????? +
????? ??????
+ ?????? → ??? + ???? ????
??????
??? ?????? ?? ???????
????
?
????
???? ??????, ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????-???. ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? (Fe (II)) (FeO) ??????? ?-Fe (III) (Fe
2
O
3
).
- ??? ????? ?
???? ????????
?????, ????? ????, ??????? ??? ????? ???????,
???????????????
?????? ???? ???????? ???????,
???? ????
?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????.