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???? ????? ( 16 ????? [1] 1938 - 9 ???? 2013 ) ??? ????????????? ?????, ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ????? . ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ? ???? ?????? ???? ??? , ??? ?????? ???????????????? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ???"? .

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?"? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? . ?????? ??? 1956 ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ? ???? ??? . ???? 1962 ????? ?? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? . ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ? ?????????? ?????? ???????? : ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? (B.Sc), ???? ????? ?????????? (M.Sc) ????? ????? - ??????? (Ph.D) ? ????????? ?? ??? ???? . ????? 1974 ?? 1978 ???? ???? ???? ? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ? ?????????? ???? [2] ? ???????? . ?????? ???????????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? "??" [3] ? ????? ????? ????? .

??? ????? 1988 ? 1993 ???? ???"? ?????? ???????? ???????????????? ??????. ???? 1989 ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ?-9 ? ??????????????? ?????? ????? 1993 ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ? ?????????????? (EMG) ??????? [4] . ??? ??????? ????? ?? "????? ???????" ????????. ???, ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????.

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????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????. ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????. ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????. ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ????: ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? [5] , ??? ???????????? [6] , ?????? "??" ?????? [7] .

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  1. ^ ??? "Billiongraves"
  2. ^ Purdue University Dept. of Biophysics
  3. ^ Rush University Medical Center
  4. ^ International Society for Computerized EMG
  5. ^ Muscular Dystrophy Associations of America
  6. ^ The Dysautonomia Foundation
  7. ^ Chicago Heart Association