????? ??????? ????????? ????????
(?
??????
:
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus
)
203
?????? ?
11 ????
222
, ???
???? ????
?????
218
?222. ???? ???
???????????????
(???????:
Elagabalus
) ??
?????????????????
(???????:
Heliogabalus
), ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????
????
, ???? ?????? ?? ?????????.
??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????. ???? 218, ???? 14 ????, ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????
????? ?????
????
????? ????????
???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????
?????? ???????
. ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????-????, ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????.
[1]
????????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? 4 ???? ????. ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????. ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?
??????? ??????
, ????? ?? ???
??????
????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?
????? ??????
. ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????. ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????.
[2]
???? 222 ????? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?
????? ??????????
?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ??-?????
??????? ??????
.
????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ????. ??????????? ???, ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????, ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???, ??? ??? ???? ????? ???????, ????? ?????? ??????? ???. ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ??????????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????.
[3]
????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???. ????? ???? ????? ???????, ????? ??????, ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????: ???? ?????, ??????? ????, ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??
????"??
??????? ????? ???? ?????????.
????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ???? ???????????? ????????
????? ???
?
?????????
, ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????. ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????, ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?
???????? ???????
, ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????????, ??? ????? ??????
???????????
"?????". ????? ????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????. ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????????? ???????, ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????????, ??????? ????? ????????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ??????
???? ??21
?????? ?? ???? ????? ???????, ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?
?????????????
??????? ???? ??????? ??-?????. ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?
???????????
?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? "????? ?????" ?? ?????????, ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????.
????????? ???? ??? ????? ???? 203 ?? 204 ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? (??????: Sextus Varius Avitus Bassianus), ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? (Sextus Varius Marcellus), ????? ????? ????? ????,
[4]
???
????? ???????? ??????
(Julia Soaemias Bassiana) ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????
????
????????? (????????) ?? ?????
???????? ??????
, ????? ????? ??????? ???????.
[5]
???? ????? ?????? ?? ????, ??? ????? ???? ??? 200, ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????, ???? ?? ????. ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????
?????
???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????, ?? ???? ???? 215. ????????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????, ????, ?????
????????? ????? ???????
, ?? ????? ????? ??????
???
.
[6]
??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? "????????" ??"?????????" ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??? "?????? ?????? ??????? ???????" ????? ??? ???? ??????? "????? ??????? ????????? ????????". ????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????
???? ???????
???? ?? ??????? ??????????, ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ????????.
[7]
?????? 217 ????
?????
???? ???? ????? ????
???????
, ????
????? ??????????
. ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????, ??-11 ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????, ?????? ???? ?????, ?????
????????
???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????. ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????, ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????, ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??????. ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????,
????? ?????
, ???? ?? ??????
????? ?????????
(
??'
)
?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????, ?
????
?????. ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????????, ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???????.
[8]
?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????
???????
??-??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????. ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???????, ??????? ?????? ??
?????? ?????? ??????
. ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????, ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??
??????? ????????
. ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????
?????
???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????
??????
. ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????. ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???????, ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????????.
[9]
??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????. ?? ?? ???? ?????????, ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????. ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????.
[11]
??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???
?????
?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????????. ?????? ???, ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????. ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??. ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????, ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??????.
[12]
????? ???
???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????. ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????, ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????????. ??? ?? ?? ???? ?
???? ??
??????? ?????? ??????? ?????, ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ?????. ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? 16 ???? 218 ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????. ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ??, ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????, ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????, ?????? ??????. ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????.
[13]
?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????, ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????, ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????. ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????. ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????
?????? ???? ??????
???? ?
???????
(
??'
)
???????. ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????
????????????
????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????. ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????, ???? ?????????. ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? 2 ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????????. ???? 8 ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????. ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????, ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????, ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????, ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? 13 ??? ?? ????? ?????, ????? ?? ???? ?????, ???? ????? ????. ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????. ?? ?? ?????????, ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????. ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????. ?? ?? ??, ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????, ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????.
[14]
?? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??, ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????. ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????????? (?????) ????? ?? ???????? ??????. ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? "????? ??????? ????????? ????????", ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??????, ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????. ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????. ????? ????? "????????" ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?
????????
. ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????
???? ????
, ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ??????, ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ?"?????? ??????". ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ???, ???? ?? ????? "????" ????? ??????
???? ???
????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????. ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??????, ??? ????? ?? ?????????, ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??
???????? ????
.
????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ?
????????
???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????. ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????. ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????. ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????, ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????????, ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????. ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????,
???????
, ????? ?
?????
. ????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ????? ????????, ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ??????. ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????. ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????, ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ????????.
[15]
?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? (Publius Valerius Comazon), ???? ?????? ???? ??????, ?????
????? ??????????
????? ??? ?
??????
??? ????????? ???? 220 ?????? ???? ????, ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???-??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ? ???? ????? ?????.
[16]
?? ??????, ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????, ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????. ?? ?? ???????????? ???????? ??? ??????, ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ?????, ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????, ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????. ????????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?????, ?? ????? ??????? ?????.
[17]
???? ???? ????????? ????? 218?219 ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????, ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????, ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????. ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????????, ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????, ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????. ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???????, ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ???????. ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????.
[18]
?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? 219. ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ??????, ????? ??????? ?????, ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????, ???? ??? ?? ?????, ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????????. ???????? ??? ?? ????? ???????. ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???. ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????
????
???? ???????? ?????. ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????.
[19]
??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????????, ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ????, ????? ?????, ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????, ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ?????-????. ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????, ???? ???? ????? ????????
[20]
???? ??? ????? ???? ?????. ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????.
????? ????? ?????? ?"???????" ??"?? ????? ???? ??????" (Augusta, mater castrorum et senatus) ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? "???????" ?"?? ?????????" ?????? ??? "?? ????? ????, ????? ??? ???? ??????" (mater castrorum et senatus et totius domus divinae). ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? "???????" (AVGVSTA) ??? ?????? ????? ????????. ?? ?? ?
???????? ???????
, ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ????, "????????" (senaculum), ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????, ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????.
[21]
?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????????, ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????. ????? ???? ?????, ??? ?????, ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????.
[22]
??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?
??????????
. ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? 14 ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????, ?? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????,
[23]
?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????, ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????.
???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????????. ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????.
[24]
?? ?? ?????????, "????????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????". ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????, ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ??????, ?????? ?????
?????
??? ????? ????? ?? ??????, ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???. ????? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????
???? ???
.
[25]
?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????, ???? ????? ????? ????. ????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?????????. ??? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????, ???? ??????? ??????, ????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ?????. ?? ?? ????? ???, ??? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????.
[26]
???? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????. ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?
????????
?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????. ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???
?????
????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??????, ????? ?? ??? ???????. ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?
???????
, ????? ??????? ????? ????? 192 ??????? ?
?????
?? ???, ??????? ?? ???????? ????? 228 ??????? ?????? ???.
[27]
????????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????. ?? ??? ??????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?
????? ??????
??? ?????? ?
?????????
. ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????
???? ???
??????? ?? ???. ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????. ????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? "?????" ? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????, ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????????. ?? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? "?? ??????" ???????. ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????????, ????? ?? ????? ?????, ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????????.
[28]
?? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ??????, ???????? ????? ??
????? ??????
(?
??????
:
Virgo vestalis
). ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????
????
, ??? ?
??
??
??
, ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?
???? ??????
. ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????,
?? ?????
????? ?
???? ????
. ??????? ???? ??? ??????, ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????. ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?
???? ????
?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????.
[29]
????????? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????, ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???????. ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ?
???????? ???????
, ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????. ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????.
[30]
?? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? (Aquilia Severa), ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? "?????" ????? ?? ???? ????????. ?? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? "???????". ????? ???????? ?? ????, ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????
?????????????
?? ??? 221. ?? ?? ????? ???, ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? "???????", ????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????????.
[31]
????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????????, ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????, ????? ????? ??????, ????????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????
????? ??????????
, ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ??????. ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????, ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????. ???? ????? ??? ?????, ???? 221, ?? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ????. ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???
????? ??????? ???????
????? ???? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? "????". ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???, ??? ?????????,
??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????. ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????????
??????? ??????
. ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????.
[32]
??? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?
??????
??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????, ??????? ???????????, ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????. ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????????, ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????
????? ???????
, ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????. ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ???????.
[33]
?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???, ??? ??????? ???????. ????? ????? ?????? ?????????, ??? ?? ??????? ??????, ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????. ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????????, ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???, ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????. ????????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?????, ???, ?? ????? ?????, ?????? ???????, ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????????. ?????? ????? ?? ?????????, ?????? ???, ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????, ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????.
[32]
???? ?? ????????? ????? ???????. ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?"????" ????? ???????. ????? ?????, ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??. ?????? ?????? ??? 222 ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????, ?? ????
13 ????
222, ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???????, ????? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????, ?? ???? ?????. ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????, ????? ?? ?????, ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ???. ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????. ???? ????????? ????? ???? ?
????
????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????. ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????. ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????.
[34]
?? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ???????. ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???. ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ???????. ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????.
[35]
???? ???? ???? ????? ??
????? ???????
?????????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???????. ??? ??????, ?????? ?????? ?? ????, ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????. ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????: ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????????, ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????, ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????, ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? (????) ???????. ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ?????.
[36]
????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????????. ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? (?????????) ??????. ???? 1976 ???? ????? ?
???? ??????? ??????
????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????. ??? ??? ??? ?
????
???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? - ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? "?????" ?????? ??? ?? ???.
[37]
?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????. ???? ???? ?? ???? ?
?????
(?
??????
: Baetulus ??? Baetylus), ???????? ?
???? ?????
"???? ?? ???", ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?
??????
???
?????? ????????
.
[38]
????????? ???: "?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?
?????
????? ????".
[39]
????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???, ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?-200?210 ??????? ?"?? ???? ????????" (Deo Soli Aelagabalo). ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??. ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????????. ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? 6 ?????? ??????
???????
. ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????. ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????, ??? ?????? ????-??? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????.
[40]
????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????. ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ?
????????? ??????
. ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???????. ?? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ???
??????
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???? ??????
. ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????-??? ?? ????????. ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????. ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????, ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?????.
[41]
?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? "???? ???? ??? ???? ??????" ?????? ????? ???????. ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????
???????? ???????
, ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? "????? ????? ?? ??????, ?? ???? ????? ?????". ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? "???? ?? ?? ???? ??????"SACERD(OS) DEI SOLIS ELAGAB(ALI); "????? ????? ?????????" SVMMVS SACERDOS AVG(VSTVS) ?? "????-???????? ???? ????? INVICTVS SACERDOS AVG(VSTVS). ?????? ??????? ????? ????, ??? ????? ???? ??? 220, ???? ???????? ?? ??-???? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????, ??? ??? ?????? ??????????. ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????.
[42]
????????? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? "????" ?? ????? ????
?????
, ???????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????, ?? ????? ?????? ????? "??? ??????" (Magna Mater), ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????. ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????, ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? "??? ??" (Dies sanguinis). ??????? ???? ???? ????, ??? ???????, ????? ???? ???? ???????-
[43]
?????? ?? ????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ?? ????.
????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???
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????? ?????
, ????? ?? ??? 6 ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??. ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????, ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????. ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ??????, ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????
?????
. ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????.
[44]
????? ?????? ?????? ?
???? ?-30 ?? ???? ??20
????? ??? ?
???? ?-50 ?? ???? ??20
???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?
?????????
????? ?????? ???? ?
?????????
(Elagabalium). ?? ?? ??????? ???????????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? 70 ????? ?? 40 ?????. ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????
??????????
??? ????? 81?96 ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????. ???????? ?????, ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????.
[45]
?? ?? ????????? ??? ???, ?? ???? ????, ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????. ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?
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??? ????
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????
.
[46]
?? ?? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????. ????? ??
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???
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??????
?? ???? ????.
[47]
[48]
???????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????????. ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????. ?? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????, ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????, ????????? ????, ????? ??????? ????, ???? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? (Annia Faustina). ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????. ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????. ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????-
????
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???? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?"???? ??????"
[49]
?????? ??????? ????? ???? (Martijn Icks) ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????.
[50]
???? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ???????. ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????, ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ?
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[31]
????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???. ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?
???????????
.
[51]
??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????.
[49]
?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ?????, ?????? ????????? ?
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. ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??-????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ????-???? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????. ?? ?? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????, ?????? ??
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[52]
????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ????? "?????" (
?????????
) ????? ????-??????, ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????-??????. ????? ????? ????-?????? ????? ????? ?????, ????? ?????, ????? ??????, ?????? ?
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[53]
??? ????? ????????? ?? ?? ????, ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????. ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ????, ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????. ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????
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[54]
????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? (Zoticus) ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ?????. ?? ?? ??????, ??? ????????? ?? ??????? ????: "?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???", ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? "
????? ?? ???????
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[55]
???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? (Hierocles). ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?"
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[56]
??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??21 ???? ??????????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ?????????????? ?? ????? ??????. ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?????????, ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ?
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[57]
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????? ?? ???????
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[58]
?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????. ???????????? ?? ?????
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(
Barbara Levick
)
????? ?? ????? ?"?????????" ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???.
[59]
????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????. ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?
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[60]
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[61]
????? ??????? ??? "????????? ???????" ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? 229, ????? 7 ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????. ???? ?????? (???? 80) ?????, ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????, ??? ?? ??????. ????? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????.
[62]
????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????, ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? "????? ??????? ????????? ????????" ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?"????????? ?????".
[63]
????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????. ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? 2016, ????? ????????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????, ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??
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[64]
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[65]
????????? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ????. ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ?????????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ?????, ????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????-??????.
[66]
???? ??????? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??????????. ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????, ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?"????" ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????. ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ??-???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ???. ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? (Michael Sommer) ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ?
????
????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????. ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????????.
[67]
???? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? "???? ???????? ?????????" (Vita Antonini Heliogabali) ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????????? (Aelius Lampridius). ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????? ? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ?
????????
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.
[68]
????? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????. ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????????. ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????.
[69]
????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?
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[70]
???? ????, ????? ????????, ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?????????, ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????????, ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????????
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????? ?? ???????
", ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????, ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????. ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????, ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????, ???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????, ???????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????????.
[71]
????????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???
?????
,
??????
??????? ??? ????? ?
??? ??16
?? ???
?????? ????????
. ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ????
?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????
", ????? ?? ???
?????? ?????
?-
1776
, ???? ????
?????
????? ?????, ??????? ????? ?? ????. ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????. ??? ??? ??
”?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????????? ?? ??????, ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ???”
.
[72]
???? ??19 ???? ????? ?? ????? ????????, ????? ????? ??????, ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????, ????? ?? ?
?????????
?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????. ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?
??????
??? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????. ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? (Johann Schiller) ??? ???? 1883 ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? "??? ?????? ?????? ??????, ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???" ??????: " ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?
????
. ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????, ????? ???????".
????? ??????
????? ??? ???????
(
Alfred von Domaszewski
)
??? ?? ????? ????????? ????? "????? ?? ??? ???????" ?????? ???? 1909 ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? "????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???????-??????". ?????????? ??????
?'?? ?????
(
Jean Reville
)
??? ????? "??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????": "????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? ?? ???? ????????. ???, ???? ?????? ?? ????, ????? ??????? ????? ?????, ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????????". ?? ???, ?? ???????????? ?? ???? ??19 ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ????.
[73]
???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??
?'?? ??????? ???
(John Stuart Hay) ???? 1911 "????? ????????? ??????" ( The Amazing Emperor Heliogabalus). ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????. ????????? ????? ???? ????, ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????. ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?
???????
?????? ??????, ?????? ????? ??????, ????? ?????????. ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? "??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????" ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????. ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????. ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???.
[74]
???? 1989 ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? (Martin Frey) ???? ???: "???? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????" (??????:Untersuchungen zur Religion und zur Religionspolitik des Kaisers Elagabal) ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????.
[75]
???? 2005 ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? (Saverio Gualerzi) ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????: ?? ???, ?? ????, ?? ?? ?? ???. ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????????" (???????: Ne uomo, ne donna, ne dio, ne dea. Ruolo sessuale e ruolo religioso dell'imperatore Elagabalo). ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?????-???????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????. ????? ????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????. ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????. ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????????? ??? ????? ???? ??. ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????, ????????? ??? ???? ??????, ?????? ????? ???? "??????", ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??-??????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????.
[76]
???? 2008 ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????????, ????? ??? "?????? ?? ????????" (Images of Elagabalus) ??????? ?-2012 ??? "????? ?? ?????????: ???? ??????? ?? ????-???? ??????? ?? ????" (The Crimes of Elagabalus: The Life and Legacy of Rome's Decadent Boy Emperor) ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????, ???? ???? ???????? - ????? ?????????, ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????????, ???? ?????? ????????????, ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????.
[77]
???? 2010 ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? (Leonardo de Arrizabalaga) ???? ???? ??? "????? ?????????: ??? ?? ???" (The Emperor Elagabalus: Fact or Fiction). ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????, ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??, ?????? ?? ?????, ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????.
[78]
?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????????? "????" ???? ???????? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??-?????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????. ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????, ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????.
[79]
????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ? ????? ???? ?????, ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????????.
[80]
??????-????????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????-???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????????. ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??????, ????? ?????, ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????. ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????, ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ????.
???? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????. ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?
????? ?????
, ????? ??? ??? ??????
??? ??????????
, ?? ???? "????? ?????" ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????
?????????
???? 274. ????? ??????? ????? ??, ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????. ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????. ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ?
????? ??????
????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?
?????
. ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??
?????????
???????????
, ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????, ???? ?????? ????? ???. ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????????, ????? ??
??? ???????????
????? ?????? ??????
??
?? ???? ???. ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??
???????? ????????
.
[81]
?????? ??????? ??????????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????
???? ??19
. ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????????, ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????. ??? ????? ?"?????" ????????
Heliogabale ou esquisse morale de la dissolution romaine sous les empereurs
???? ???? ???? ??????? ????
1802
????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????, ???? ????? ???? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???????. ???? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ???, ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???. ???? ???? ??????
?????? ???????
. ????? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?
???????
?????? ????????? ??????? ????: ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? "??????, ????? ??????? ?? ?? ???".
[82]
???? ???? ??19 ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? "???????" ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????. ????? ????, "???????"
[83]
??? ????? ??? ?????? (Jean Lombard), ????? ???? 1888. ??????? ????? ???? ????, ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?
???????
. ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??19??? ?
????? ????? ???????
?????? ?? ?????? ?
???????
,
????
??????. ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????, ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? (?
??????
:
(
ennui
)
? ???? ????? ??????? ??????). ????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ????, ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????????. ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ?
?????
?? "
??? ?????
", "???????????" ?
?????????????
.
[84]
?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?
??????????
????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????, ??????, ????? ??"?????". ???????? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????: ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????????, ???? ?? ?"???" ?????? ??????? ???????. ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????, ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ???.
[85]
???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????
????-????? ???
?? ????? ?? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????
????????
????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ??????.
[86]
??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????, ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????. ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? "??????????, ????? ????? ?? ????" ???? 1866 ?? ?????
????? ???????
(
Simeon Solomon
)
. ????????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? "?????" ????? ???? ????.
???? 1920 ??? ????? ?
????? ?????
???? ??? "??????????: ?????? ?-3 ??????"
[87]
(Heliogabalus A Buffoonery in Three Acts) ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ????????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??, ???? ?????? ??11 ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???????. ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????, ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?
?????
. ???? ????? ????????
????????
??????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???????. ????? ????? ?
??????
???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????. ???
??????????
?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???, ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????. ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????, ???? ???? ?????.
?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????????. ??? ???? ???????????, ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????. ???? ?
??????????
"??? ????" ?????? ???? 1966 ????? ?????? ????? ???????. ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????, ???? ?????? ???????, ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ???????? ????. ????????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ? ???? ????, ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????. ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????????. ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????. ???? 1973 ??? ?????? ????? "?????????" ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????.
???? 1992 ???? ????? ????? ?
?????
??? ?????
??? ?????? "????? ???? ????? ?? ?
????????
?????????"
[88]
?????? ?? ???? ????????? ???????. ????? ????? ?? "?????????? ??? ???? ????? ????????. ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????????". ????????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??????.
???? ???? ??19 ???? ?????
??????????
?? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????, ???? ??? ???? ?
???????
????? ??????
????????
????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ??????
?'????? ??????
(
Josephin Peladan
)
. ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???????
???
??? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????????? ?? ??-??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????????, ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????.
[89]
?? ???? ????? "???" (Lui)
[90]
??? ????? ??????
?????-????? ????
(
Gustav-Adolf Mossa
)
???? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ?????, ???? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ??????"? ???? ?
?????? ???????
???? ???? ??19.
??? ????? ???? ??
???? ??20
????? ??? ??????
???? ??21
????? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ?????
?????????
. ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?
????? ?????
??????? ??? ?
???? ??????
??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????"? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?
?????
. ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????: ????? ?????? ?? ?????, ??????? ????,
????-??????
?
????????????
.
[91]
?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??
?????? ????
???? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??
????????? ???????
?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ????"? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???, ???? ????????? ????? ?? ??????. ???????????? ????"???
[92]
????? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ??????????. ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ?????-??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ??
?????????
?
?????????
.
[93]
?????
????? ????
?????? ??????
?????
????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????'??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????, ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???. ?? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????????, ????? ????. ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????????, ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????, ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????????, ?????? ??????.
[94]
????????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? "?????? ???????"
(
La Derniere Prophetie
)
??????? ??? ????? 2002?2012 ?? ??? ????? ?'?? ?????
(
Gilles Chaillet
)
. ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????. ???? ???? ????? "?????? ?????" (Les Dames d’Emese) ????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? "??? ???? ??? ???" (Sous le signe de Ba’al ). ????????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ????? "?????????? ????". ????? ??, ??????? ?? ????????? ???????, ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ????.
- The Amazing Emperor Heliogabalus
, ??? ????????? "????? ????????? ??????" ??? ??????? ??? (1911) ???? ????????
- ???????? ???????
: ??????? ???????
, ????????? ???????, ??' 305?358. ???? ???????, ????? ???? ??????
??? ????
. ???????, ????? ????? ?"? ?"? ?????, 2010.
- ??? ????
,
?????? ??????? ??????
, ???????:
????? ????? ?"? ?"? ?????
, 2002
(???? ?????? ULI)
- ?????? ?????
,
?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????
, ?????: ???? ????, ????? "???? ???", ?? ????, 1955.
- Leonardo de Arrizabalaga y Prado The Emperor Elagabalus: Fact or Fiction? Cambridge University Press; ( 2010)
- Ariel Garcia Correa THE POLITICAL AND CULTURAL PRACTICES OF THE EMPEROR ELAGABALUS. Independently published (2019)
- Martijn Icks The Crimes of Elagabalus: The Life and Legacy of Rome's Decadent Boy Emperor Harvard University Press (2012)
- Martijn Icks From Priest To Emperor To Priest-Emperor: The Failed Legitimation Of Elagabalus
- Jay Carriker The World of Elagabalus University of Texas at Tyler 2016
- Martijn Icks Heliogabalus, a Monster on the Roman Throne: The Literary Construction of a “Bad” Emperor 1 KAKOS: Badness and Anti-Values in Classical Antiquity (Pennsylvania 2006
- Erika Manders Religion and coinage. Heliogabalus and Alexander Severus: two extremes? Talanta 36-37, 2005
- Maria Beatrice Bittarello Otho, Elagabalus and The Judgement of Paris : the literary construction of the unmanly emperor in: Dialogues d'histoire ancienne 2011
- Nugent, Mark. "From ‘Filthy Catamite’ to ‘Queer Icon’: Elagabalus and the Politics of Sexuality (1960?1975)." Helios, vol. 35 no. 2, 2008, p. 171-196. Project MUSE, doi:10.1353/hel.0.0009.
- Kevin S. Lee PRIEST, PATER, AND PATRON: A THEMATIC ANALYSIS OF THE BUILDING PROGRAMS OF ELAGABALUS AND ALEXANDER SEVERUS 2014
- ^
Robert L. Cleve. Some Male Relatives of the Severan Women. Historia: Zeitschrift fur Alte Geschichte, Bd. 37, H. 2 (2nd Qtr., 1988), page 196
- ^
??? ????, ?????? ??????? ??????, ???????: ????? ????? ?"? ?"? ?????, 2002 ???? 684?686
- ^
Martijn Icks. The Crimes of Elagabalus: The Life and Legacy of Rome's Decadent Boy Emperor. Harvard University Press 2012 page 10-11
- ^
Cleve, Robert L., 'Some Male relatives of the Severan Women', Historia Bd 37, H.2 (2nd Qtr 1988) page 200
- ^
Cleve, Robert L., 'Some Male relatives of the Severan Women', Historia Bd 37, H.2 (2nd Qtr 1988) page 198
- ^
Otto Eißfeldt
,
Realencyclopadie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft
, Band XX: Philon?Pignus, 1941, ??? "Phoiniker (Phoinike)",
??' 389?390
- ^
Barbara Levick
Julia Domna: Syrian Empress Routledge, 2007 page 5
- ^
Michael Grant. The Severans: The Changed Roman Empire. Psychology Press, 1996 page 24
- ^
The Cambridge Ancient History Volume 12: The Crisis of Empire, AD 193-337, Edited by Alan Bowman, University of Cambridge 2005 p 21
- ^
???? ?. ??-???, ???? ????? ?
???? ?????
,
????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?
, ???
???????? ???? ??????
, 1975, ??' 66
- ^
Fik Meijer.Emperors Don't Die in Bed. Routledge, 2004 page 78
- ^
The Cambridge Ancient History Volume 12: The Crisis of Empire, AD 193?337, Edited by Alan Bowman, University of Cambridge 2005 page 21
- ^
Martijn Icks. The Crimes of Elagabalus: The Life and Legacy of Rome's Decadent Boy Emperor. Harvard University Press (2012) page 22
- ^
The Cambridge Ancient History Volume 12: The Crisis of Empire, AD 193?337, Edited by Alan Bowman, University of Cambridge 2005 page 21
- ^
Martijn Icks. The Crimes of Elagabalus: The Life and Legacy of Rome's Decadent Boy Emperor. Harvard University Press 2012 page 9
- ^
Martijn Icks. The Crimes of Elagabalus: The Life and Legacy of Rome's Decadent Boy Emperor. Harvard University Press 2012 page 17
- ^
Jasper Burns Great Women of Imperial Rome: Mothers and Wives of the Caesars Routledge 2006 page 211
- ^
Martijn Icks. The Crimes of Elagabalus: The Life and Legacy of Rome's Decadent Boy Emperor. Harvard University Press 2012 17
- ^
Martijn Icks. The Crimes of Elagabalus: The Life and Legacy of Rome's Decadent Boy Emperor. Harvard University Press 2012 page 18
- ^
Jasper Burns Great Women of Imperial Rome: Mothers and Wives of the Caesars Routledge 2006 pp-209-212
- ^
Martijn Icks. The Crimes of Elagabalus: The Life and Legacy of Rome's Decadent Boy Emperor. Harvard University Press 2012 page 20-22
- ^
The Cambridge Ancient History Volume 12: The Crisis of Empire, AD 193?337, Edited by Alan Bowman, University of Cambridge 2005 page 140
- ^
The Cambridge Ancient History Volume 12: The Crisis of Empire, AD 193?337, Edited by Alan Bowman, University of Cambridge 2005 page 20?21
- ^
The Cambridge Ancient History Volume 12: The Crisis of Empire, AD 193?337, Edited by Alan Bowman, University of Cambridge 2005 page 21
- ^
Martijn Icks. The Crimes of Elagabalus: The Life and Legacy of Rome's Decadent Boy Emperor. Harvard University Press 2012 page 104
- ^
Martijn Icks. The Crimes of Elagabalus: The Life and Legacy of Rome's Decadent Boy Emperor. Harvard University Press 2012 page 108
- ^
Martijn Icks. The Crimes of Elagabalus: The Life and Legacy of Rome's Decadent Boy Emperor. Harvard University Press 2012 page 23
- ^
Scott, Andrew. Change and Discontinuity Within the Severan Dynasty: The Case of Macrinus. Rutgers (2008). pp 123-139
- ^
??? ???? ??????, ??????? ????????? ? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????, ????? 70, ???? 2000, ?' 26.
- ^
Holt N. Parker, "Why Were the Vestals Virgins? Or the Chastity of Women and the Safety of the Roman State" The American Journal of Philology, winter 2004, Vol. 125, No. 4, pp 568.
- ^
1
2
The Cambridge Ancient History Volume 12: The Crisis of Empire, AD 193?337, Edited by Alan Bowman, University of Cambridge 2005 page 555
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1
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???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????????
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??????????? ???"???
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(???????)
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