??????? ????

??????? ????
Abigail Adams
	??????? ????' ????
????	22 ??????? 1744 ; ???????' , ???'????
?????	28 ???????? 1818 (???? 73) ; ??????? , ???'????
?????	?????? ??????? ; ????? ?????
???? ?????	??????? ???????? ??????? ???????
?? ?? ?? ???	?'?? ???? ( 25 ???????? 1764 ? 28 ???????? 1818 )
????? ????? ????
??	William Smith
??	Elizabeth Quincy
??????	??????? ???? ????' ; ?'???? ???? ; ?????? ???? ; ?'?? ??????? ???? ; ????? ???????? ????
???? ??????	6
	4 ???? 1797 ? 4 ???? 1801 ; (4 ????)
	→ ???? ????????? ???? ?'????? ?????? ←
	16 ???? 1789 ? 4 ???? 1797 ; (7 ????)
	?? ??????? ←
????? ??????
	???? ?????? ?????? ????? ( 1976 )
?????

??????? ????' ???? (? ?????? : Abigail Smith Adams ‏; 22 ??????? 1744 ? 28 ???????? 1818 ) ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ? ??? ????? ??????- ?'?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????, ?? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???. ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????, ?'?? ??????? ???? . ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? (????? ?-41, ?'???' ????? ???? ??? ) ???? ?? ???? ??? (????? ?-43, ?'???' ???? ??? ). ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? , ??? ?????? ?? "?? ????? ?? ??????", ??????? ???.

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ????? ? ????????' ?? ???'???? . ???? ??? ???? ??????. ^[1] ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? - ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????. ???? ?? ???? ???? ???, ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ????, ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ^[2].

??????? ????? ? ?'?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????, ???? 1764 ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?'?? - ???????? . ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?"???????". ???? ??'?? ???? ??? ????? ? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ? ?????? . ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?????, ??? ??????? ?????? (1765?1813), ?'?? ??????? ???? - ????? ???? ????? ????? (1767?1848), ????? ???????? (1768-70), ?'???? (1770?1800), ????? ???????? (1772?1832), ???????, ?????? ?????? ???? 1775 .

???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ? ?????? ??????????? ? ???????? ?? ????????? - ?????? ??????? ????? ????. ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?'??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? , ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? (?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ).

???? 1784 ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ???? , ????? 1785 ???????. ???? 1788 ??? ????? ????'???? ??????. ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? .

??? ?????? ?? ?'?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????????? , ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????, ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????. ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??, ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????, ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???.

??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? 1801 . ???? ????? ? ????? ?- 28 ???????? 1818 ?????? ??? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????'???? (?????? "?????? ???????").

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

Phyllis Lee Levin, Abigail Adams: A Biography , St. Martin's Press, 2013
Lynne Withey, Dearest Friend: A Life of Abigail Adams , Simon and Schuster, 2002
Edith B. Gelles, Portia: The World of Abigail Adams , Indiana University Press, 1992
Edith B. Gelles, Abigail Adams: A Writing Life , Routledge, 2002
Woody Holton, Abigail Adams , Simon and Schuster, 2010
Janet Hubbard-Brown, Abigail Adams: First Lady , Infobase Publishing, 2009

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ???? , ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)
???????? ???? ???? ????
???????? ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ????.
??????? ???? , ???? " Find a Grave " (???????)
???? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ??????? (???????)
??????? ???? (1744-1818) , ?? ??? ? ?????? ???????

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ "Abigail Adams" . 21 ?????? 2001 . ????? ?- ????? ?- 21 ?????? 2001 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )
^ Elaine Forman Crane, Political Dialogue and the Spring of Abigail's Discontent , The William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd Ser., Vol. 56, No. 4. (Oct., 1999), pp. 745-774

[uua-1] "Abigail Adams" . 21 ?????? 2001 . ????? ?- ????? ?- 21 ?????? 2001 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[2] Elaine Forman Crane, Political Dialogue and the Spring of Abigail's Discontent , The William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd Ser., Vol. 56, No. 4. (Oct., 1999), pp. 745-774

[1]

[2]