4′33″
(
Four minutes, thirty-three seconds
, ?
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:
???? ????, ?????? ????? ?????
, ???? ??
Four Thirty-Three
) ???
????? ????????
?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???
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?
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?'?? ????'
. ?????? ????? ????
1952
???? ??
??? ?????
????, ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????, ??
????????
??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????. ???? ?????? ??? 4 ???? ?-33 ?????, ????? ???. ?????? ????? ?????? ???? "4 ???? ?-33 ????? ??
???
", ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????, ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? - ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????, ?????? ?????? ??? ?????. ?? ?????, ????? ?????? 4′33″ ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ????'.
????' ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????
1947
?
1948
, ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????????? ????????? ???, ???? ??
????
???? ????? ???? ?
??????
. ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?
?? ???????
, ???? ??? ????' ????? ???. ?????? ?????? ????' ????
1982
, ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???.
????? ?
???
??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ????'. ??? ?????? "???? ???? ??????" (Duet for Two Flutes), ???? ??? ????? ?? 22 ????, ????? ????' ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????. ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? "?????? ???????????" (Sonatas and Interludes), ?????? "?????? ?? ???????" (Music of Changes) ??????? "??? ????????" (Two Pastorales).
???? ??????? ?? ???? ????' ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????
???? ?-40
?
????? ????
?
??? ????
. ????' ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????-?????, ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? - ????? ???????? ?? "?????? ??????", ??????. ????? ???? ??? ????' ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????, ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? - ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????.
????
1951
???? ????' ???? ?????? ?
?????????? ???????
. ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????????, ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ??, ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???
??
. ??? ??, ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????. ????' ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????, ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? - ???? ?
??????
????? ????? ??????? ?????. ????? ??
????? ????
???? ???????, ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??
????? ??????
??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??
????? ???
???. ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????, ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?
?????
??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????. ?? ?? ??, ?????? ?????' ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???????, ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????, ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? - ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????. ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????.
???? ???? ?????? ?? ????' ?????? ????? ?
????? ??????
. ???? 1951 ??? ????? ?? ????', ?
???
????? ????????
, ????
??????
?????
. ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????, ?????? ?? ??? ?????
????
?
???
???? ???, ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?
?????
???? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ??
??
????? ????? ???? ????? ???. ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????' ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????, ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????, ??? ??????? ????? ?
???????
??????? - ????? ??????, ????, ??????? ????????.
?????? ?? ????' ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???. ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????:
- ?????? Funeral March for the Obsequies of a Deaf Man ("???? ?????? ?? ??? ????") ?????? ????
1897
?? ??? ?
?????????
?
?????
?????? ????
????? 9
?????
?????. ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??
???? ????
, ???? ????? ????', ????? ?????? ?? ????' ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????. ?? ???, ????' ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? 4′33″.
- ????
1919
??? ?????? ?
?'??
?????? ??????
????? ?
?????
??? Funf Pittoresken ("????? ??????"), ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????.
- ????
1949
??? ???? ??????
??? ?????
????? ???????? ?? 40 ???? ??? Monotone-Silence Symphony (????????? ???? ?????????). ?????? ????? ???? ????? - ??? ????? ?? 20 ???? ????? ????? ????, ???? ??? ?? 20 ???? ????? ??? ?????.
???? ?????? ??? 4 ???? ?-33 ?????, ?????? ?????? ????? - ???? ?????? ????? 30 ?????, ???? ???? ????? 2 ???? ?-23 ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?-40 ?????. ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? - 273 ????? - ???? ?????????
???? ??????
(273
????? ??????
???? ????). ?? ???, ????' ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????.
????? ?????? ("???????") ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?-
29 ???????
1952
???? ??????? ???????
??? ????
, ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?
?????
. ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????, ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????. ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????, ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???. ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????, ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????. ???? ????? ??????, ??? ????' ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????. ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???????, ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?"???" ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ???? ?????, ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??????, ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????.
?????? 4′33″ ????? ??????? ???? ?????, ????? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ???????:
- ???? ????
????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??'?? ????' ????
1993
.
- ?????? ????????
?'???? ???
???? ?? ?????? ????
2002
????? 50 ??? ???????.
- ????? ?????
2004
???? ????? ?
????
"???? 3" ??
BBC
????? "???????" ?? ??????, ?????? ?? ???
?????? ???? ?????? ???????
.
????? ????
?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????, ????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????. ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???.
- ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? "The Fast Show" ?????? ?-BBC, ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????
?'??
. ?????? ??? ?-90 ????? ????, ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???, ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????.
????
1962
??? ????' ?? ??????
0′00″
, ?????? ?? "
4′33″ ???? 2
". ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????: "???? ?? ????? ?????, ??? ????? ???????" ("In a situation provided with maximum amplification, perform a disciplined action."). ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????' ?????? ?????? ?? ??????. ????? ???? ????? ????' ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????: ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????, ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????, ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????, ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????????.
- Bek, Joseph. "Erwin Schulhoff", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy
- Cage, John. 1961. Silence: Lectures and Writings. Wesleyan Paperback (1973 edition)
- Dickinson, Peter. 1991. Reviews of three books on Satie
- Fetterman, William. 1996. John Cage's Theatre Pieces: Notations and Performances. Routledge
- Kostelanetz, Richard. 2003. Conversing with John Cage. New York: Routledge
- Lienhard, John H. 2003. Inventing Modern: Growing Up with X-Rays, Skyscrapers, and Tailfins, Oxford University Press US
- Pritchett, James. 1993. The Music of John Cage. Cambridge University Press
- Pritchett, James, and Kuhn, Laura. "John Cage", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy
- Revill, David. 1993. The Roaring Silence: John Cage ? a Life. Arcade Publishing
- Solomon, Larry J. 1998 (revised 2002). The Sounds of Silence: John Cage and 4′33″