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", ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????? ????????. ???? 2003 ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????. ???? 2010 ????? ????? "???????" ?????? ????? ???? ????????, ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????, ??? ????? ???? ????.
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????? ???? ?? ??????, ?. ?????, ?. ???????, ?. (2009). "??? ???????: ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????"
????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???????. ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?: ???”?, ???, ?????, ??, ???? ?????? ????.
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- ?????? ????????????? (?? ??”?, ?????, ??? ???)- ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????. ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ????.
- ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????????? ????- ????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ????.
??? ???, ???, ???, ?????, ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ????, ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ?-ICTs ???? ???. ??? ??? ????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?-ICTs ??????? ????? ?? ?????.
- ^
Kim Keenan February 28, 2020,
Larry Irving: A Black History Month Call-to-Action
, Internet Innovation Alliance, 2020-02-28
(???????)
- ^
1
2
Eszter Hargittai,"Second Level Digital Divide ? Differenced in People’s On-Line Skills", First Monday, 2002.
- ^
Jen Schradie,
The Great Equalizer Reproduces Inequality: How the Digital Divide Is a Class Power Divide
, Emerald Publishing Limited, 2020-09-30, ??' 81?101, ISBN
978-1-83982-021-2
- ^
Aaron Shaw, Eszter Hargittai,
The Pipeline of Online Participation Inequalities: The Case of Wikipedia Editing
,
Journal of Communication
68, 2018-02-01, ??' 143?168
doi
:
10.1093/joc/jqx003
- ^
????? ??????, ???? ????? ?????? ?????. "???? ????????: ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????". ?????, ??', 2009.
- ^
Karine Barzilai-Nahon,"Gaps and Bits: Conceptualizing Measurements for Digital Divide/s", The Information Society, Vol. 22, 2006.
- ^
????? ?????, ???? 1, 2002.
- ^
http://www.ila.org.il/Index.asp?ArticleID=95&CategoryID=136
- ^
15:44,
????? ????????? ????? ????? ?-49 ???? 64 ???? ??????-???????
, ????
TheMarker
, 20 ?????? 2010
- ^
???? ????,
??? ???????
,
????: ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????
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, 7 ???? 2012