한국   대만   중국   일본 
????????? ???? - ?????????? ???? ?? ???

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?????? ????? ??? : ????????? ? ??????????, ????????? ?????? ???? [1], [2] ??? ????? ?? /??????? (V/STOL) ???? ???? (??????? /????? ???-?? ???? ????????), 20?? ????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??.
?????????? ????????? ??? : [4], [5], ??? [6]

????????? ???? ? ?? ????? ???? ??, ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ??. ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??. ????????? ?????, ???????? ??????????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ??, ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????. ????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??, ????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ?????.

?????? [ ?????? ??? ]

??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? 1914??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???.

19?? ??? ??? 20?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????, ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ??? ???, ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ???. ???? 1903??? ????? ????????? ????????? ???? ????, ????? ??? ???? 1910??? ????? ??? ??.??. (US)?? ????????? ???? ? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???. ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????, ???? ?? ?????:HMS .???? 1914??? ????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????, ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ????? [?] ??????? ?????. [?] ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???.? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???. [?]

???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???. 1920?? ??????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???, ???? ??????? ?????:HMS , ???? , ??? ? ?????:Sclass ??????????? ?????.

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

????? ????? ???????? ?????, ??????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????. ????? (CAM) ?????, ???? ?? ?????:SS , ? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???. ???? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ???, ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ? ???. ???? ????? ????? ??????? ? ?? ????????? ????? ????. ???? ? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? (????? (MAC)) ????????? ?????? ???????? ????, ????? ?????:MV ???? ?????? ???????, ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???. ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????. [ ?????? ??? ] ???? 1943?? ??? ?????? ? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????:Sclass ????? ??????? ?????? ????. ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????, ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???. ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????. "??????? ?????" ???? ? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????, ?? ??? ???? ?????? ? ???. ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? (I)-400 ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???, ?? ???? ???? ??6? (M6A) ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ???. 1920?? ????? ??????? ???????? ? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????. ?????, ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???.

? ???????? ??.??. (US)?? ?? ????-????????? ?????????????? ????

?????? ?????? ? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??. ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???. ???? ??, ???? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ????. ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????, ??????? ??? ??????????? ????? ? ???????? ?????? ????. ????? ??? ?? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??????. ???? ?????? ? ?????? ????????? ???? ??. ????? ??????? ???? 75,000 ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????? ??. ????????? ?????? ???????? ? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ??. ????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??? ??. ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??, ?? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???. ???? ?? ?????:USS ??? ?????:HMS , ????????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??. ? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ??. ? ??????? "??????? ????????" ?? "?????????? ????????" ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??. ?????? ????? ????????? (VSTOL) ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??.

???? ???????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????, ????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????, ?????, ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??. ???, ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??. ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ??, ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??. ???? ???????? ????? ???, ???? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??.

???? ?????????? ????? ???? 1922, 1930 ??? 1936?? ????????????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????. ???? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????? ??. ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ??. ????????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????:Sclass ????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????:USS ????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??. ?? ????, ? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ? ??? ??.

????????? ??????? ?????? [ ?????? ??? ]

?????????? ????????? ???? ??? ???? (Sao Paulo) (A12)

???????? ???????? [ ?????? ??? ]

????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??. ? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??. ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??, ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????. ??? ????? ????, ???? ??? ??? ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ???. ? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ???. ??????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??, ???? ???-???? ???? ???. ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ????. ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???. ?????, ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???.

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??????? ????? ???????? [ ?????? ??? ]

?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??? ????.

  • ??????? ???????? ???-?? ?? ???????? ??????? (??????????? (CATOBAR))
  • ????? ???-?? ?? ???????? ??????? (?????????? (STOBAR))
  • ????? ???-?? ??????? ???????? (????????? (STOVL))

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??.??. (U.S.)?? ???????? ?-2?? (E-2C) ??????? ????? ????? ???????? (??????? ???????? ?????? ????)??? ?????? ????? ???.
??????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??/?-18 (F/A-18) ??????? ??????
???? 1945??? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? "??????" ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ????
???? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ????-????

???????? "????? ???? ?????" ?????, ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ??, ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???. ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??. ????????? ????? ??? ???? ??, ?????? ????? 35 knots ( 65 km/h ) ????, ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??, ??? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??. ?????? ????????, ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ??. ? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??. ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???. ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????, ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??. ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??, ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??. ?? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??. ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??. ???? ???????????????? ??? ??/??????? (V/STOL) (???????/????? ???-?? ???? ????????)?? ??????- ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??. ???, ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???.

???????? ("???????") ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? (????? (LSO), ???? ??????? "??????" ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??) ?? ???? ???? ??. ?? ??????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??. 1950?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????, ????? (LSO) ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???. (???, ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??.) 1950?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??. ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???, ?????, ??? ?? ????? (LSO) ???????? ???????? ? ???????? ????????? ??? ??.

??.??. (U.S.)?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??, ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??. ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??. ???? ?????????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????????? ????? ??? ??.

?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????????? ??????, ??????? ??? ? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??. ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??. ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??. ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??. ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??. ? ?? ??? (??????? ???? ???????) ??? ????? ?? ???? ??. ("???????? ?????? ???????", ???? "????????" ?? "????" ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??.) ??? ??????? ??????, ????, "?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????, ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????, ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??,"?? ???????? ??? ??. [?] ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ??. ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ??. ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??, ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??.

1950?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??. ????? ???????? ???? ????????? ????? ???????, ??????? ????? ??????? ???, ???? "??????" ????? ???????? ??? ??, ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??. ????? ?????? ?????, ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???, ?????? ? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??.

????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??? (??? ??, ?????, ?????? ??????? ????) ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??, ????????? ???? ??? ? ????????? "???????" ????? ???????? ??? ??. ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??. ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ???. "?????? ????"?? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??, ??????? ???? ??????, ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??.

??????? ????? ??????, ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ????-???? ??????? ??. ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??? ???. ?????, ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ????? ??. ??????? (VTOL) (???? ??????? (STOVL)) ??????, ??? ??, ?? ?????? (??? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???)?? ?????? ???? ? ???????? ???? ??????????? ????? ???. ?? ??, ? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ? ?????? ??? ??? ??, ?? ????, ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??. ???? ??, ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??, ? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ???, ??????, ??? ????-?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??. ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????-???? ????? ?????? ???. ???? ?????? ??? ? ?? ??, ?? ??????? ??, ???? ???? ?????, ?????? ??? (??? ????, ?????? ??): ???? ??? ???? ??????, ??? ??, ?-2 (E-2) ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??????, ??? ??, ??/18?/?? (F/A-18E/F) ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????-33 (Su-33) ???????? ????-?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????. ???? ??, ????? ???? ????? ?????, ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ??, ?? ????, ????-33 (Su-33) ??? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ????-???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????.

??-16 ??? ?????

?????? ????????? ????? ????? [ ?????? ??? ]

[36]
????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????-[37], ???? 2002??? ?????? ??????? ??.??.(FS) ??????? ? ????, [38] ??? [39] ??? ??????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??.
??.??.??.??. (HTMS) ????? ??????? ??? [40]
??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????????

??????? ????, ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??. ??? 22 ????????? ????? ?????? ??, ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??. ?????? ? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??. ???????????, ???????, ???????, ????, ?????, ?????, ?????????, ?????? ??????, ?????, ???????? ???????, ???????? ??????? ??? ??? (? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????) ?????????????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??.

??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????:

??????? (1)
  • ???? ??? ???? (?12): 32,800 ????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? (1960??? ??????? ????), ???? 2000??? ????????
??????? (1)
  • ??????? ? ???? (?? 91) : 42,000 ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? 2001??? ????? ??????? ??????.
???? (1)
  • ?????? (INS) ?????  : 28,700 ????? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? (HMS) ????? (???? 1953??? ???????), ???? 1986??? ???????? ??? ???? 1987??? ????? ??????? ??????, ???? ???? 2019??? ??????????? ??????? ????? ??. [?]
????? (2)
  • ??????? ?????????? (551): 14,000 ????? ???????? ?????????(STOVL) ???? ???? ???? 1985??? ????? ??????? ??????.
  • ????? (550): 27,000 ????? ???????? ?????????(STOVL) ???? ???? ???? 2008??? ??????? ????? ????.
????? (1)
  • ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????  : 67,500 ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? (STOBAR) ????????? ????. ???? 1985??? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????, ???? 1985??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????.
????? (1)
  • ????????? ? ?????????? (R11): 17,200 ????? ????????? ???? ???? (STOVL) ???? 1988??? ????? ????.
???????? (1)
  • ???????? (HTMS) ????? ???????  : 11,400 ????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??. ???? 1997??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????. ????, ??????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??. [ ?????? ??? ]
???????? ??????? (2)
  • ????????? ??????: ??? ???? ????????? (STOVL) ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???, ??????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??.
???????? ??????? (11)
  • ??????(USS) ??????????? (CVN-65): 93,500 ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? 1961??? ????? ??????? ??????. ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??. ???? 2013??? ???? ??????????? ??????? ????, [?] ???? ???? 2014-2015 ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??.
  • ??????? ?????? : ??? ????? ??????? 101,000 ?? ??????????????? ????? ???? ???? 1975??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????. ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ??. ?? 1,092 ??? (333 ????) ????? ??? ??. ????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??. ????? 11 ???????????? ??????? ??, ?????? ?? ??????????? ??.

???? ????????? ????? [ ?????? ??? ]

??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??. ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??, ?????? ????????? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ?????, ????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????, ?????, ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??. [ ?????? ??? ]

??? [ ?????? ??? ]

?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??.

???? ???? 2001??? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???????. ???? ???? ?????? (??????????)??? ????????? ????? ????. ?????, ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??, ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???. ?? ????, ????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ???.

???? 2008?? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? 2009?? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??, ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??. ?? ??????? 50,000 ?? 60,000 ???? ???????? ????? ????. ?????? ???? 2015??? ????? ??????? ???, [?] ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??, ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??. [?]

??????? [ ?????? ??? ]

????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? (CTOL) ????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??. ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? 65-74,000 ???? ??????? ???. ?? ??????? ? ???? ?? ??? ???-??????? ??????? ???? ???. ???? ???? ?????? ??????????? (CATOBAR) ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????. (???? ?????? ? ?????/???? (BAE)?????? ??????? ????????? (STOVL) ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??, ???? ??????????? (CATOBAR) ??????? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ??.)

21 ??? 2008?? ????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????. ????? ?????? ??, ????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? 2011 ???? ???? 2012??? ?????? ??????? ????. ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??? ? ???? ? ???.

???? [ ?????? ??? ]

?????? (INS) ??????????????? ?????, ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??.

?????? 2005??? ????? ????????? ???????? 260 ???? ????? ??? 40,000 ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????. [?] ??? ?????? ????? ??.??. (US) $762 ???????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???-29K (MiG-29K), ????????? ????? (HAL) ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????? (HAL) ????? ?????? ??????? ????. [?] ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? 8,000 ?????? ???? (14,000 ????????)?? ???, ?? 160 ????????, 1,400 ?????? ??? 30 ????????? ??? ??? ????. ??????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??. [?] ???? 2014??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??. [??]

???????? 2009???,?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??, ??????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??. ??.?.??-2 (IAC-2), ???????? ?????? ????? ??? 50,000 ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ????. ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ????. ?????? ????????/???????????? ??? ????? (IAC) ?? ????-???? ???). [??]

???? 2004???, ??.??. (US) $1.5 ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????. ???? ????? (INS) ???????????? [??] , ??? ??????? ??????, ????????? ???? ?? ???? 2008??? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???. [??] ????, ????? 2007??? ?????????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???.

????? 2008???, ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??.??. (US) $3.4 ?????? ??? ????. [??] ???????? 2008???, ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????, ???? ??, ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ???. [??] ????????? 2009???, ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ???? ??? $700 ???????? ????? ???, ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? $2.9 ?????? ?? ?????? ??, ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??. [??] 8 ???????? 2009???, ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??, ???? ??? ?????, ??.??. (US)?? $2.2 ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???? ???. [??] [??]

????? [ ?????? ??? ]

23 ???, 2007?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????-??-??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ??, ?????? ?????? ??? ???-????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??. [??] [??] ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???. ???????? ??????? ????? ???? 2010 ?????, ???????????? ?? ?????????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??. ????? 1,00,000 ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???????????? ???? ??. [??] ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??, ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??. ?????????? ????????? ???? ???-??????? ??????? ???. ???? 50,000 ????? ? ???? 30-35 ?? ??????????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???. ??? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ? ???? ???? ?? ???. ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??, ??.??. (US)??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? (?????) ????? ??, ?? 100-130 ????????? ??? ???? ??? ??, ??? ??? ??? (????)??? ??????? ???? ????. [??] ?????????? ???????, ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ??, ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????, ????????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??.

???????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??, ??? -???????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????, ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ??. [ ?????? ??? ] ???? 1990?? ???????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???. ???? 2000 ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??, ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??. ???? 2008?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ? ????? ??? ??? ??, ????? ???? ?? ? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??. ? ?????????????? ????? ???? 2012-2013 ????? ???, ? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ????. [??] ???? 2050-2060??? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??. [??] ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ???????, ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? 60,000 ??????? ?? ??????? ???. [??]

????? [ ?????? ??? ]

???? 2003??? ??????? ?????? ???? 231 ???? ????? ??? 27,000 ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ? I ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???, ???? 2005?? ????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ??? ????. ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??. [??] 10 ????? 2008?? ????? ? ??????? ??????? ????. [??] ???? 2011??? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ????. [ ?????? ??? ] ???? ??????? I ?? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??, ???? ???? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? (STOVL) ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??. [??] ????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??, ? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???. ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? 24,660 ?? ???. ? ???? ??? - 8??+ ??????? (AV-8B+ Matadors), ??-35 (F-35) ??? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? 30 ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????. [??] ? ??????? ????-???? ??? ????-???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??. [??]

???????? ?????? [ ?????? ??? ]

????? ???????? ????????? ?????, ???? ???? ???? ? ???????? ?? (????) ????????? ??.

???? ???? ?????? ????????? -???????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????????? (STOVL) ????????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??. ? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??. ?????:HMS ??? ?????:HMS . [??] [??] ? ????????? ????? 40 ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? 65,000 ?? ?????? ?????. ? ???? ????? ???????? ???? 2016 ??? ???? 2018??? ????? ??????? ????, ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??. [??] ???? ????? ??????? ??-35?? ???????-II (F-35B) ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? 1450 ????? ?????. [??] ? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???. ???????? ? ??????? ????????? (STOVL) ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???, ?? ????, ? ????????? ????? ?????????? (STOBAR) ?? ??????????? (CATOBAR) ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??. ? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????.

???????? ??????? [ ?????? ??? ]

??.??. (US)?? ??????? ??. ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???.

???? (US)?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??? (??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????) ??????? ??. ????? ???????? ????? ????? ????. ?????????????? ????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ???? ???. ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???. ??? ?????????????? ?????????????????? ????????? ????? ?????? (EMALS), (?? ???? ????????? ?????????? ????? ????) ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??.

????? 2007??? ?????:USS?? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????:USS , ??.??. (U.S.)?? ???? ??????? 11 ???????????? ????? ??. 24 ????? 2007?? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ??? (?? ??? ????? ??). ????, ? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??, $12 ?? 14.5 ???????? (?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? $12 ??????) 1,00,000 ???? ??????? ????? -???????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? -???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ????????? ???? $2 ???????? ?????? 45,000 ???? ??-35?? (F-35B) ??????????? ????? ??? ??? ??. [??]

? ?? ??? [ ?????? ??? ]

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???? ???????? ????????? ????? [ ?????? ??? ]

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????
  1. ↑ ???????? ?? "???????? ??? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????????" ????? :?????? ??????????. ?????
  2. ↑ "????? ?? ?????????", ?????????? ?????, p. 92.
  3. ↑ ?????? ???????? ????????? ??????
  4. ↑ "The US Navy Aircraft Carriers" . Navy.mil. ??? ????? 2009-02-21 ?? ???????? . ?????? 2009-01-30 . ???????? ????-??-?? ?? ??? ????? ????
  5. ↑ [?]
  6. ↑ "???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? FY 2010 ???? ??????????? ?????????? " ???????? ????-??-?? ?? ??? ????? ???? . ???????.???, 10 ??????? 2009.
  7. ↑ "Herald Asahi" ( [ ??? ??? ] ) . ??? ???????? ????? 2009-01-01 ?? ???????? . ?????? 2010-10-14 .
  8. ↑ "China Daily" .
  9. ↑ ?.? ?.? ?.? "Indian Aircraft Carrier (Project-71)" . Indian Navy [Bharatiya Nau Sena] . Bharat Rakshak . ?????? 11 September 2009 .
  10. ↑ ??.? ??.? http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/Story/73256/Top%20Stories/First+indigenous+aircraft+carrier+to+be+launched+next+year:+Navy+chief.html
  11. ↑ ??.? ??.? "????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????? $2 ?????? ???" . ??? ????? 2011-06-05 ?? ???????? . ?????? 2010-10-14 .
  12. ↑ "Article on India's indigenously built aircraft carrier" . .chinadaily.com.cn. 2005-04-12 . ?????? 2009-01-30 .
  13. ↑ [?]
  14. ↑ "??????? ? .??" . ??? ????? 2009-02-27 ?? ???????? . ?????? 2010-10-14 .
  15. ↑ http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-Russia-end-stalemate-over-Gorshkov-price-deal/articleshow/5314150.cms
  16. ↑ http://www.indianexpress.com/news/usd-2.2billion/551431/
  17. ↑ "Russia to Build New Aircraft Carrier" . ??? ????? 2007-06-14 ?? ???????? . ?????? 2007-06-23 .
  18. ↑ ??.? ??.? ??????. Ru newssite Google translation to English 23 June 2007
  19. ↑ ??????. ???? ????????? Ru newssite Google translation to English 4 July 2006
  20. ↑ ????? ????????. 2008, 27 ?????. "????? ?? ??? 5?6 ????????? ???????? ?? ??????, ??????? ???????" ???????? ????-??-?? ?? ??? ????? ???? .
  21. ↑ ????? ????????. 2008, 4 ??????. "????? ?? ??? 5?6 ????????? ??????????? 2060????? ???????" ???????? ????-??-?? ?? ??? ????? ???? .
  22. ↑ "??????? ? .??" . ??? ????? 2010-05-28 ?? ???????? . ?????? 2010-10-14 .
  23. ↑ ??.? ??.? ??.? ??.? ??.? "LHD Juan Carlos I" . Armada Espanola official web site . ?????? 2009-02-24 .
  24. ↑ " ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? CVF (002) ." ???, ??. ?????? ??????????.????.
  25. ↑ "UK | ￡3.2bn giant carrier deals signed" . BBC News. 2008-07-03 . ?????? 2009-01-30 .
  26. ↑ ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???
  27. ↑ "??????? ? .??" . ??? ????? 2010-08-08 ?? ???????? . ?????? 2010-10-14 .
  28. ↑ Kreisher, Otto (2007). "Seven New Carriers (Maybe)" . AIR FORCE MAGAZINE, Journal of the Air Force Association . Air Force Association. 90 (10): 68?71. ISSN   0730-6784 . ?????? 2007-10-02 . Unknown parameter |month= ignored ( ??? )
?????????
  • ???? ?????????, "??????? ??????", 1909, ?????? ???? ???????????? ??? ?? ?????????, ?? ??????????? ?????, ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? 2003, ???????? 1- 58566-118-X
  • ?????????????, ???? ??, ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? , (1988) ???????? 0-87021-696-1
  • ????????, ??????, ??.??. ????????? ???????? : ?? ????????? ?????? ???????? , ??? ???????????? ????? , 1983. ???????? 0415214483. ????????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????.
  • ???????, ???, ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? , (1985) ???????? 1-58834-083-X
  • Polak, Christian (2005). Sabre et Pinceau: Par d'autres Francais au Japon. 1872?1960 (French and Japanese???). Hiroshi Ueki (植木 浩), Philippe Pons, foreword; 筆と刀?日本の中のもうひとつのフランス (1872?1960). ed. L'Harmattan. CS1 maint: unrecognized language ( link )
  • Sturtivant, Ray (1990). British Naval Aviation, The Fleet Air Arm, 1917?1990 . London: Arm & Armour Press. ISBN   0 85368 938 5 .

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