Robert Ardrey
, nado en
Chicago
(
Illinois
) o
16 de outubro
de
1908
e finado en
Cidade do Cabo
o
14 de xaneiro
de
1980
, foi un guionista e autor teatral
estadounidense
.
Na decada de 1950 retomou os seus estudos academicos en
Antropoloxia
e ciencias do desenvolvemento
[
1
]
[
2
]
.
African Genesis
e
The Territorial Imperative
, xunto co
The Naked Ape
(
Desmond Morris
, 1967), foron das obras con mellor acollida no discurso publico durante a decada de 1960, que combatia as asuncions previas da antropoloxia. As ideas de Ardrey influiron en
Arthur C. Clarke
e
Stanley Kubrick
no desenvolvemento de
2001: Unha odisea do espazo
[
3
]
[
4
]
[
5
]
[
6
]
, asi como a
Sam Peckinpah
, ao que
Strother Martin
proporcionou dous dos libros de Ardrey
[
7
]
[
8
]
[
9
]
[
10
]
[
11
]
. A novela de
Hammond Innes
Levkas Man
(1971) tamen recibiu a influencia da vision de Ardrey sobre as raices das agresions humanas na
Idade de Pedra
[
Compre referencia
]
.
Robert Ardrey foi un dos defensores da
teoria do cazador
e do
simio asasino
, en tanto que escritor de
ciencia ficcion
para os lectores iniciados en
paleoantropoloxia
,
antropoloxia
,
etoloxia
,
paleontoloxia
e
evolucion humana
.
Ardrey postulou que os precursores do
Australopithecus
sobreviviron millons de anos de
seca
no
Mioceno
e o
Plioceno
, mentres a
sabana
se estendia e as
fragas
se reducian, adaptandose ao estilo de
caza
das especies
carnivoras
. Os cambios nos metodos de supervivencia e organizacion social foron diferenciando gradualmente os pre-humanos dos outros
primates
. Os cambios na dieta propiciaron o desenvolvemento do
cerebro
humano.
A teoria do simio asasino postula que a
agresion
, un factor vital na caza con fins alimenticios, e unha caracteristica fundamental que distingue os devanceiros do ser humano doutros primates.
- World's Beginning
(1944).
- The Brotherhood of Fear
(1952).
Robert Ardrey era fillo do editor Robert Leslie Ardrey e da profesora Marie Haswell
[
2
]
. Acadou o graduado
Phi Beta Kappa
na
University of Chicago
, baixo a tutela de
Thornton Wilder
. En 1938 Ardrey casou con Helen Johnson, a que conecera na universidade, divorciandose en 1960. Tiveron dous fillos, Ross e Daniel. En 1960 casou coa actriz de teatro surafricana Berdine Grunewald, que mais tarde ilustraria os seus libros.
O Arquivo Howard Gotlieb da Biblioteca Mugar Memorial da Universidade de Boston acolle a coleccion Robert Ardrey
[
14
]
.
- ↑
"Finding Aid for the Robert Ardrey Papers, 1935-1960"
, Online Archive of California
(en
ingles
)
- ↑
2,0
2,1
2,2
"Robert Ardrey"
, ficha en
Allmovie
(
The New York Times
):
Equally comfortable dealing with literary editors such as
Bennett Cerf
or moguls like
Darryl F. Zanuck
, he also retained his credibility in the intellectual realm by authoring texts on anthropology, history, and sociology that remain widely respected decades after their publication. The widening dates between Ardrey's film projects came as a result of his increasing literary activity, as he began generating screenplays and novels on his own in the early '50s and subsequently returned to his academic training in anthropology and the behavioral sciences. From the end of the 1950s, he kept his oar in both fields, film and academia, and occupied a virtually unique position in the
Hollywood
pecking order
because of his dual career. In 1962, he took on the daunting task of turning the
World War I
-era novel
Los cuatro jinetes del Apocalipsis
into relevant entertainment for the early '60s, authoring the screenplay for
Vincente Minnelli
's gargantuan
1962
all-star release.
- ↑
"2001 Diary (excerpts)"
Arthur C. Clarke
,
The Lost Worlds of 2001
(1972)
(en
ingles
)
.
- ↑
"Letter to the editor"
,
Stanley Kubrick
The New York Times
, 27 de febreiro de 1972
(en
ingles
)
.
- ↑
"Strange Odyssey: From Dart to Ardrey to Kubrick and Clarke"
, Richard D. Erlich et al, curso
English studies
/
Film theory
1997-2005
(en
ingles
)
.
- ↑
"Moonwatcher's Memoir: A Diary of 2001, a Space Odyssey"
,
Daniel Richter
,
Carroll & Graf
, 2002
…the longest flash forward in the history of movies: three million years, from bone club to artificial satellite, in a twenty-fourth of a second. (Extracto de
Foreword
, de
Arthur C. Clarke
.)
(en
ingles
)
.
- ↑
"Peckinpah: Primitive Horror"
.
Time
. December 20, 1971. Arquivado dende
o orixinal
o 27 de outubro de 2010
. Consultado o 19 de outubro de 2010
.
- ↑
David Weddle
.
If They Move... Kill 'Em!: The Life and Times of Sam Peckinpah
(p. 396). 1994 first edition:
Grove Press
,
ISBN 0-8021-3776-8
, ASIN 0802137768.
- ↑
Paul Cremean (23 May 2006).
"Peckinpah's West vs. Mann's Metropolis"
.
Grover Watrous' Golden Egg
. Arquivado dende
o orixinal
o 20 de maio de 2007
. Consultado o 19 de outubro de 2010
.
Drawing heavily from the work of Robert Ardrey, controversial sociologist and author of ‘African Genesis’ and ‘The Territorial Imperative,’ Peckinpah ascribed to the belief that man is by nature territorial, brutal and elementally animal.
- ↑
Garner Simmons:
Peckinpah: A Portrait in Montage
(p. 128). 1982 first edition:
University of Texas
Press,
ISBN 0-292-76493-6
(en
ingles
)
.
- ↑
Marshall Fine.
Bloody Sam: The Life and Films of Sam Peckinpah.
1991 first edition:
Dutton Books
,
ISBN 1-55611-236-X
,
ISBN 978-1-55611-236-2
. 2006 paperback edition:
Miramax Books
,
ISBN 1-4013-5972-8
,
ISBN 978-1-4013-5972-0
.
- ↑
"Robert Ardrey (10/16/1908 - 1/14/1980) Other Credits"
.
AMC (TV network)
website
.
[
Ligazon morta
]
- ↑
"Robert Ardrey Filmography"
.
DVDEmpire.com
.
Most Worked With: 1.
Peter Ustinov
2.
Pandro S. Berman
3.
Raoul Walsh
4.
Van Heflin
5.
Angela Lansbury
6.
Christopher Kent
7.
Frank Allenby
8.
Gene Kelly
9.
George Sidney
10.
Gladys Cooper
- ↑
"Ardrey, Robert"
.
Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center (HGARC),
Mugar Memorial Library
, Boston University
. Arquivado dende
o orixinal
o 15 de outubro de 2012
. Consultado o 19 de outubro de 2010
.
Also included in the collection is Ardrey’s last manuscript,
The Education of Robert Ardrey: An Autobiography
(
ca.
1980), edited and prefaced by Ardrey’s son, Daniel Ardrey.