Fisici a rugadh i Londain ab ea Oliver Heaviside ( 1850 - 1925 ). Rinne se cuid mhaith taighde ar leictreachas agus teileachumarsaid leictreach. Reamhinis se go raibh ciseal gais ianaithe (an t- ianaisfear ) thuas san atmaisfear a bheadh in ann tonnta raidio a fhrithchaitheamh . Rinne Arthur Kennelly an reamhinsint cheanna ag an am ceanna sna Stait Aontaithe , neamhspleach air. Rinne se amach i 1902 gur ciseal ianaisfeir timpeall 90-120 km in airde a fhrithchaitheann na tonnta raidio, agus tugtar ciseal Heaviside-Kennelly no an E-chiseal air seo. [1]