On Vicipeid, an chiclipeid shaor.
Leiriuchan ag taispeaint an
poiteinseal leictreastatach
d'iain niotraite (
N
O
3
?
). Ta nios lu fuinnimh ag na hachair le dath dearg i gcomparaid leo siud le dath bui orthu.
Is eard is
ian
(on tSean Ghreigis "??ν" = "rud a theann") ann na
adamh
no
moilin
a chaill no a ghnothaigh
fiusleictreon
amhain no nios mo, agus fagtar an t-adamh no an moilin luchtaithe da reir sin.
Glaoitear
ainian
ar ian le lucht diultach (
ian diultach
), nuair ata nios mo leictreon na proton aige in a nuicleas.
Os a choinne sin, glaoitear
caitian
ar ian le lucht deimhneach (
ian deimhneach
), nuair ata nios lu leictreon na proton aige in a nuicleas.
Deantar idirdhealu idir iain aonadamhacha, a bhionn comhdheanta d'adamh amhain (m.sh. Cl -, Na+, Fe2+...) agus na hiain pholadhamhacha (m.sh. SO42 -, NO3 -...) a bhionn comhdheanta de nios mo na adamh amhain.
Is minic a cumtar iain aonadamhacha agus/no iain pholadhamhacha nuair a nascann iain eiliminteacha lena cheile, a leitheid agus H+ le moilini neodracha, no nuair a gnothaitear iain eiliminteacha o mhoilini neodracha
Sampla den tsaghas seo is ea an ian amoiniam NH4+ , a
chruthaionn amoinia NH3 nuair a ghlacann si proton, H+.
Ta an meid cheanna proton (H+) agus go bunusach an chumraiocht cheanna freisin acu, ce go bhfuil protonuimhireacha difriula acu.
Ta an proton sa bhreis (H+) agus ni an suimiu no an dealu leictreon freagracht as an lucht.
Ta an t-idirdhealu seo idir leictreon a bhaint on moilin iomlan tabhachtach i gcorais mhora
mar go hionduil chruthaitear iain a bhionn nios seasmhai le leictreonscealla comhlanaithe.
Mar shampla nil NH3+ seasmhach, toisc go bhfuil
fius-sceall
neamhiomlan ag timpeallu
nitrigin
agus de reir sin is
ianfhreamh
e.
