Grupa eitneach

Is eard is grupa eitneach no eitneacht ann na catagoir daoine a aithnionn a cheile, de ghnath ar bhonn cosulachtai toimhdithe amhail teanga chomhchoiteann, sinsearach coiteann , stair , sochai , cultur , naisiun no coireail shoisialta laistigh da gceantar conaithe. . ^[1]^[2] Is minic a usaidtear eitneacht go comhchiallaithe leis an tearma naisiun, go hairithe i gcasanna an naisiunachais eitnigh , agus ta se scartha o ach bainteach le coincheap na gciniocha .

Is stadas oidhreachta e eitneacht, de ghnath bunaithe ar an tsochai ina gconaionn an duine. Is ionduil go mbionn ballraiocht i ngrupa eitneach sainmhinithe ag oidhreacht chulturtha chomhroinnte , sinsearacht , miotas bunuis , stair , tir dhuchais , teanga no canuint , corais shiombalacha cosuil le reiligiun , miotaseolaiocht agus deasghnath , cocaireacht , stil choirithe , ealain no cuma fhisiciuil . Is minic a leanann grupai eitneacha ar aghaidh ag labhairt teangacha gaolmhara agus ag roinnt linn gheinte den chineal ceanna. Tri bhithin aistrithe teanga , athchulturaithe , an uchtaithe agus tiontaithe reiligiunaigh , is feidir le daoine aonair no le grupai grupa eitneach amhain a fhagail agus pairt a ghlacadh i gceann eile (seachas grupai eitneacha a chuireann beim ar aonchinealacht no ar ionacht chinioch mar phriomhchritear ballraiochta).

Is eard ata sna grupai eitneacha is mo ar na saolta seo na na ceadta milliun duine (na Han-Sinigh an ceann is mo), ce go bhfuil na cinn lu teoranta do roinnt dosaen daoine aonair (go leor daoine duchasacha ar fud an domhain). Is feidir grupai eitneacha a fhoroinnt ina bhfoghrupai no ina dtreibheanna , a d'fheadfadh a bheith ina ngrupai eitneacha ar leithligh de reir a cheile mar gheall ar leithlisiu iongamas no leithscaradh fisiciuil on mhathair grupa. Os a choinne sin, is feidir le heitneachtai ar leithligh teacht le cheile chun paineitneach a chruthua (mar shampla Han-Sinigh) agus d’fheadfadh aon eitneacht amhain a chumasc sa deireadh. Cibe acu tri rannan no tri chonascadh, tagraitear do bhunu grupa eitneach ar leithligh mar eitnigineas

Tearmaiocht [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

Ta an tearma eitneach diorthaithe on bhfocal Greigise ?θνο? ethnos (nios beaichte, on aidiacht ?θνικ?? ethnikos , ^[3] a tugadh ar iasacht sa Laidin mar ethnicus ).

"Is toisc bhunusach i saol an duine i an eitneacht ^[4] : Mar sin fein, ni mheasann go leor eolaithe soisialta, ina measc na hantraipeolaithe Fredrik Barth agus Eric Wolf, go bhfuil an fheiniulacht eitneacha uilioch. Feachann siad ar an eitneacht mar thairge de chinealacha idirghniomhaiochtai sonracha i measc ghrupai, seachas saintreith riachtanach de dhluth agus d'inneach i ngrupai. ^[5]

Leabharliosta [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

( en ) David Levinson, Ethnic groups worldwide : a ready reference handbook , Oryx Press, Phoenix, Ariz., 1998, 436 p. ISBN 9781573560191
( fr ) Jean-Loup Amselle et Elikia M'Bokolo (dir.), Au cœur de l'ethnie : ethnies, tribalisme et Etat en Afrique , La Decouverte, Paris, 1985, 225 p. ISBN 2-7071-1524-X
( fr ) Roland J. L. Breton, Les ethnies , Presses universitaires de France, Paris, 1981, 127 p. ISBN 9782130369066
( fr ) Jean-Pierre Chretien et Gerard Prunier, Les ethnies ont une histoire , Karthala, Paris, 2003, 435 p. ISBN 9782845863897
( fr ) Guy Heraud, L'Europe des ethnies , Presses d'Europe, Paris, 1974, 324 p. ISBN 2-85505-059-6
( fr ) Philippe Poutignat et Jocelyne Streiff?Fenart, Theories de l'ethnicite , suivi de Les groupes ethniques et leurs frontieres de Fredrik Barth , PUF, Paris, 1995, 270 p. ISBN 2130563325

Tagairti [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

↑ " ethnicity: definition of ethnicity ". Oxford Dictionaries . Cartlannaiodh an bunleathanach ar 6 Marta 2016. Data rochtana: 7 Feabhra 2020.
↑ People, James (2010). "{{{title}}}". Wadsworth Cengage learning. “"In essence, an ethnic group is a named social category of people based on perceptions of shared social experience or one's ancestors' experiences. Members of the ethnic group see themselves as sharing cultural traditions and history that distinguish them from other groups. Ethnic group identity has a strong psychological or emotional component that divides the people of the world into opposing categories of “us” and “them.” In contrast to social stratification, which divides and unifies people along a series of horizontal axes based on socioeconomic factors, ethnic identities divide and unify people along a series of vertical axes. Thus, ethnic groups, at least theoretically, cut across socioeconomic class differences, drawing members from all strata of the population."”
↑ ?θνικ?? , Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon , on Perseus
↑ Statistics Canada
↑ Fredrik Barth ed. 1969 Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Cultural Difference; Eric Wolf 1982 Europe and the People Without History p. 381

[1] " ethnicity: definition of ethnicity ". Oxford Dictionaries . Cartlannaiodh an bunleathanach ar 6 Marta 2016. Data rochtana: 7 Feabhra 2020.

[2] People, James (2010). "{{{title}}}". Wadsworth Cengage learning. “"In essence, an ethnic group is a named social category of people based on perceptions of shared social experience or one's ancestors' experiences. Members of the ethnic group see themselves as sharing cultural traditions and history that distinguish them from other groups. Ethnic group identity has a strong psychological or emotional component that divides the people of the world into opposing categories of “us” and “them.” In contrast to social stratification, which divides and unifies people along a series of horizontal axes based on socioeconomic factors, ethnic identities divide and unify people along a series of vertical axes. Thus, ethnic groups, at least theoretically, cut across socioeconomic class differences, drawing members from all strata of the population."”

[3] ?θνικ?? , Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon , on Perseus

[4] Statistics Canada

[5] Fredrik Barth ed. 1969 Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Cultural Difference; Eric Wolf 1982 Europe and the People Without History p. 381

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]