Taiscealai
Gall-Ghaelach ab ea
Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton
, Kt., CVO, OBE (
15 Feabhra
1874
?
5 Eanair
1922
) a rugadh i g
Contae Chill Dara
in
Eirinn
.
Idir na blianta 1901 agus 1922, thug Shackleton faoi cheithre thuras taiscealaiochta san
Antartach
. Is mar gheall ar an bpairt a ghlac se, ina cheannaire ar an Turas Impiriuil Taiscealaiochta Treas-Antartach o 1914-1916 is mo ata clu agus cail ar Shackleton sa la ata inniu ann.
[1]
Le linn an aistir a thug Shackleton faoi ar bord an
Nimrod
, thaistil se nios faide o dheas na aon duine de lucht a chomhaimsire. Mar aitheantas ar an eacht seo a bronnadh
ridire
acht air.
Sheas Shackleton i dtoghchan i
1906
ar son Pharlaimint
Shasana
, gan toradh. Bhi baint aige le fiontair
ghno
, a raibh mar chuspoir acu airgead a ghnothu ar son taiscealaiochta sa Mhol Theas.
Cill Cha, Cill Dara
Is i gContae Chill Dara, in Eirinn a rugadh Ernest Shackleton, de shinsearacht Ghall-Ghaelach. Ernest an mac ba shine as deichniur clainne a bhi ag Henry Shackleton agus Henrietta Sophia Graven, a bhean cheile. Togadh i g
Cill Dara
e go dti go raibh se se bliana d’aois, nuair a bhog an teaghlach go
Baile Atha Cliath
. Ceithre bliana ina dhiaidh sin, d’fhagadar Eirinn ar fad, agus chuireadar futhu i
Londain
.
Shackleton Mills, Lucan, Co. BAC
Fuair se post mar phrintiseach ar long tradala agus e se bliana deag d’aois, le cabhair ona athair. Faoi 1898, bhi se cailithe mar Mhaistir-Mhairnealach, a chuir ar a chumas a bheith i gceannas loinge.
Rinne athair Shackleton staidear i TCD nuair a bhi Ernest og
Ras na Reigiun Polach. In aimsir Shackleton, bhi cuid mhor daoine as tiortha eagsula ag iarraidh a bheith ar na chead daoine a bhainfeadh an Pol
Thuaidh no an Pol Theas amach.
Agus, ar ndoigh, bhi Shackleton
ar dhuine acu seo.
Bhi turas taiscealaiochta Antartach arna eagru ag
Robert Falcon Scott
sna 1900idi, agus fuair Shackleton post leis mar oifigeach soisearach ar an long
Discovery
. Seo an rud a chuir tus lena chuid aistear go dti an tAntartach. I 1902, roghnaigh Scott beirt, Shackleton agus Edward Wilson, le teacht leis chun iarracht a dheanamh an
Mol Theas
a aimsiu. D’eirigh leo dul nios mo na 412 cilimeadar nios congarai don Mhol na a d’eirigh le duine ar bith rompu, ach b’eigean doibh iompu ar ais. Bhuail drochaimsir, easpa bia agus tinneas iad. Cuireadh Shackleton abhaile go luath os rud e go raibh se breoite leis an scorbach agus cuireadh failte mhor roimhe nuair a shroich se Londain aris.
Idir 1903 agus 1907, d’iompaigh Shakleton ar chursai gno, le hairgead a ghnothu ar son turais eile chun an Antartaigh. Le tacaiocht o fhir gno agus on gCumann Rioga Geografach, sheol long Shackleton, an Nimrod, on
Nua-Shealainn
i dtreo an Antartaigh. Is ar an turas seo a tugadh an leasainm, “Boss” ar Shackleton, de bharr a chumais mar cheannaire, a bhi bunaithe go mor ar chairdeas agus ar omos.
circa 1900
Chuireadar futhu i gcampa bunaidh in Oilean Ross agus thugadar aghaidh ar an Mol Theas uaidh sin. I 1909, shroich Shackleton pointe nach raibh ach 97 mile on Mol Theas, sular eigean do iompu ar ais. Bheartaigh Shackleton iompu ar ais. Chinn se ar chomhairle nach bhfeadfadh an fhoireann uile filleadh slan da leanfaidis ar aghaidh. Ce go raibh bia gann, dhreap an fhoireann
Mount Erebus
, d’aimsigh siad suiomh an Phol Maighneadach Theas. Ba iad an chead ghrupa a trasnaigh an sliabhraon Treas-Antartach agus a leag cos ar Ardchlar an Antartaigh Theas. Nuair a thainig an grupa ar ais chuig an gcampa bunaidh i mi Feabhra 1909, fuaireadar litir on Nimrod ag ra gur fhag si dha la roimhe sin. Chuir Shackleton agus a fhoireann an campa tri thine chun go bhfeicfeadh criu na loinge iad. D’eirigh leo agus bhi an fhoireann go leir ar bord loinge ar an mbealach abhaile laistigh de chupla la.
Shackleton sa bhliain 1916
Ce gur shroich
Amundsen
an Mol Theas i 1911, thosaigh Shackleton ag pleanail turais eile ? an Turas Impiriuil Taiscealaiochta Treas-Antartach. Ar an turas seo, a nglaoitear “Aistear Shackleton” no “Taiscealaiocht an Endurance” air go minic, bhi se de sprioc ag Shackleton siul trasna na hIlchriche Antartai agus an Mol Theas a aimsiu ar an mbealach.
Ce nar eirigh le Shackleton san iarracht seo, leirigh se ceannasaiocht den scoth i rith an aistir. D'fhag Endurance
Plymouth
i ndeisceart Shasana i 1915 ag triall ar an gCiorcal Antartach. Bhuail tubaiste iad i Muir Weddell. Chuaigh an Endurance i bhfostu sa leac oighir agus chuaigh si go toin poill. Threoraigh Shackelton a fhoireann chun tearmainn ar Oilean an Eilifint. Uaidh sin, le cuigear fear, an Ciarraioch Tom Crean ina measc, sheol se trasna 1,287 cilimeadar d’fharraige oscailte an Aigein Antartaigh i mbad beag go hOilean Georgia Theas.
B’eigean doibh limistear garbh sleibhtiuil a chur diobh, chun staisiun seilg miolta mora ar an taobh eile den oilean iargulta a bhaint amach. Is ansin, i bhfad na haimsire, a bhi Shackleton in ann long a thionol agus a fhoireann a thabhairt ar ais slan o Oilean an Eilifint ar an gceathru hiarracht. Tar eis 22 mi a chaitheamh san Antartach, thainig gach aon fear slan on Endurance.
1914 - 1917
In ainneoin na ndeacrachtai a bhi aige ar thuras taiscealaiochta an Endurance, d’eagraigh Shackleton turas eile i 1922. Tugtha don ol. bhuail taom croi e in
Rio de Janeiro
ar an mbealach o dheas
[2]
. Ach lean an turas ar aghaidh.
Bhuail taom croi eile e go luath ina dhiaidh sin ar bord
loinge
amach o
chosta
Oilean Georgia Theas, taom marfach. Ta se curtha in Grytviken ar an oilean.
[3]
- ↑
nicurriculum.org.uk. "
Ernest Shackleton - beatha le bua
". Cartlannaiodh
an bunleathanach
ar 2022-01-28. Data rochtana: 2020.
- ↑
Fisher, Margery and James (1957). "lch 447 (James Barrie Books Ltd)".
"Shackleton"
. Dr Macklin told him he had been overdoing things and should try to "lead a more regular life", to which Shackleton answered: "You are always wanting me to give up things, what is it I ought to give up?" "Chiefly alcohol, Boss," replied Macklin. A few moments later, at 2:50 a.m. on 5 January 1922, Shackleton suffered a fatal heart attack.[.
- ↑
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/shackleton_ernest.shtml