An Mhandairinis

Cineal	teanga
Usaid
Cainteoiri duchais	918,000,000 (2019)
A labhairt	Hong Cong agus Macau
Duchasach do	Guangxi , Guizhou , Hubei , Hunan , Jiangsu , Jiangxi , Sichuan , Yunnan , Beising , Chongqing , Tianjin , Hebei , Henan , Anhui , Shandong , Shanxi , Shaanxi , Ningxia , Gansu , Jilin , Heilongjiang , Liaoning , An Ion-Mhongoil , Qinghai agus Xinjiang
Stait	Bruine Darasalam , Daon-Phoblacht na Sine , an Teavain , an Indineis , an Mhalaeisia , Na hOileain Fhilipineacha agus Singeapor
Aicmiu teangeolaioch
teanga dhaonna teangacha Sin-Astraineiseacha teangacha Sin-Tibeadacha An tSinis
Treithe
Coras scribhneoireachta	sinograms (en)
Coid
ISO 639-3	cmn
Glottolog	mand1415
Linguasphere	79-AAA-b
Ethnologue	cmn
ASCL	7104
IETF	cmn

Is grupa canuinti i an Mhandairinis no Gu?nhua (teanga na statseirbhiseach), B?if?nghua (canuint an Tuaiscirt). Ar an Mandairinis ata an tSinis chaighdeanach bunaithe. Labhraitear na canuinti seo ar fud thuaisceart na Sine , agus is feidir difriochtai suntasacha a aithint idir na fo-chanuinti eagsula. Is i caint na priomhchathrach is bunus leis an gcaighdean, ach is leagan saibhrithe den chanuint sin e, agus tionchar na Sinise Clasaici le haithint air freisin.

Ta Mandairinis ag breis is 1.3 billiun duine (885 milliun o dhuchas).

Cineal Mandairinise ata i gceist leis an Dungainis freisin. Teanga chaighdeanaithe ar leith i agus i a scriobh leis na litreacha Coireallacha cosuil leis an Ruisis . Labhraitear an Dungainis sa Chirgeastain agus sa Chasacstain , agus Moslamaigh iad lucht a labhartha. An cineal Sinise ata i gceist leis an Dungainis is ionann e go bunusach agus an leagan den Mhandairinis a chloisfea sa da chuige ud Shaanxi agus Gansu sa tSin fein. Is leir afach go bhfuair an Dungainis a lan focal ar iasacht on Ruisis i mblianta an tSoiveadachais.

Is iad na fochanuinti is tabhachtai a aithnitear na:

• Mandairinis an Oirthuaiscirt, an cineal Mandairinise a labhraitear sa Mhanchuir . Ta si sach congarach don teanga chaighdeanach.

• Mandairinis Beijing, agus an cineal Mandairinise a labhraitear timpeall na priomhchathrach: canuinti Chengde agus Hebei mar shampla. Is i seo an chanuint is congarai don chaighdean. Labhraitear canuinti cosula ina lan aiteanna eile de thoradh na himirce inmheanai. An chanuint a chloistear i dtuaisceart Xinjiang mar shampla ta si an-chosuil le Sinis Beijing.

• Canuint Ji-Lu. Canuint i seo a labhraitear i Hebei agus Shandong. i gcathair Tianjin mar shampla. Is feidir a lan difriochtai a aithint idir i agus Sinis Beijing, agus bionn se deacair ag muintir Beijing an chanuint seo a thuiscint.

• Canuint Jiao-Liao, no canuint an da leithinis - Jiaodong agus Liaodong. Nil si chomh dothuigthe ag muintir Beijing agus canuint Ji-Lu, ach mar sin is canuint ar leith i. Seo i an chanuint a chloisfea i Weihai (Port Edward, mar a thugadh muintir an Iarthair ar an ait fado) agus i Lushun-Dalian (Port Arthur).

• Canuint Zhongyuan, no canuint an Mhachaire Lair. Leis an bhfochanuint seo a bhaineann an Dungainis. Labhraitear na canuinti seo i Henan, i lar Shaanxi agus i ndeisceart Xinjiang.

• Canuint Lan-Yin. Labhraitear in Gansu agus i dtuaisceart Xinjiang i.

• Canuint Jiang-Huai. Labhraitear an chanuint seo i Jiangsu, Anhui agus i Nanjing, mar shampla. Ta an chanuint seo cuiosach deacair ag muintir Beijing, ach is e an tionchar laidir on morchanuint neamh-Mhandairinise ud Wu is cuis leis an dothuigtheacht sin. Is i canuint Wu an cineal Sinise is mo a shamhlaitear le Shang-hai.

• Mandairinis an Iardheiscirt.

Leabharliosta [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

• Chen, Ping: Modern Chinese. History and Sociolinguistics. ("Sinis an Lae Inniu. Stair agus Sochtheangeolaiocht.") Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1999, ISBN 0-521-64572-7
• Karlgren, Bernhard : Schrift und Sprache der Chinesen. ("Teanga agus Scribhneoireacht na Sineach.") 2. Auflage. Springer 2001, ISBN 3-540-42138-6 ( Tabhair faoi deara go bhfuil cuid mhor de thuairimi Karlgren breagnaithe ag na gluinte d'eolaithe a thainig chun saoil ina dhiaidh. )
• Kneussel, Gregor: Grammatik des modernen Chinesisch. ("Gramadach na Sinise Nua-aimseartha.") Verlag fur fremdsprachige Literatur, Beijing 2005, ISBN 7-119-04262-9
• Lackner, Michael (eag.): New Terms for new Ideas: western knowledge and lexical change in late imperial China. ("Tearmai nua ar smaointi nua: eolas an Iarthair agus athru an stor focal i re dheireanach Impireacht na Sine.") Brill, Leiden 2001, ISBN 90-04-12046-7
• Li, Charles N. agus Sandra A. Thompson: Mandarin Chinese. A Functional Reference Grammar. ("An tSinis Mhandairineach. Gramadach fheidhmiuil thagartha.") University of California Press, Berkeley 2003, ISBN 0-520-06610-3
• Norman, Jerry: Chinese. ("An tSinis".) Cambridge University Press, 1988, ISBN 0-521-29653-6
• Mey, Monika: Chinesisch. Lesen ? Verstehen ? Sprechen ("An tSinis. Leamh - tuiscint - labhairt.") Wiesbaden 2009, ISBN 978-3-89500-635-7

Tagairti [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

Is siol faoi theangacha e an t-alt seo. Cuir leis , chun cuidiu leis an Vicipeid. Ma ta alt nios forbartha le fail i dteanga eile, is feidir leat aistriuchan Gaeilge a dheanamh.