Jonathan Riley-Smith
, ne le
a
Harrogate
et mort le
, est un
professeur
medieviste
et un
historien
des
croisades
.
Jonathan Riley-Smith est l'aine de quatre enfants de William Riley-Smith et sa femme, Elspeth, (nee Craik Henderson), ne a
Harrogate
dans le
Yorkshire
le
, dans une famille de brasseurs
[
1
]
. Il a fait ses etudes au
college d'Eton
et au
Trinity College
ou il obtient son
doctorat
(PhD) en 1964 et un diplome de recherche avance (DLitt) en 2001
[
2
]
.
Il commence sa vie professionnelle comme
assistant lecteur
en 1964/65 puis lecteur de 1966 a 1972 a l'
universite de St Andrews
, departement d'Histoire medievale, puis comme assistant lecteur de 1972 a 1975 puis de 1975 a 1978 a la faculte d'Histoire de l'
universite de Cambridge
enfin comme
conferencier
au
Queens' College
a
Cambridge
[
3
]
. Il officie au
Royal Holloway
de l'
universite de Londres
, de 1978 a 1994, en tant que
professeur
d'
histoire
. En 1994, il obtient la distinction de
Dixie Professorship of Ecclesiastical History
et une chaire d'enseignement d'histoire et de
theologie
a
Cambridge
a
Emmanuel College
ou il enseigne jusqu'a sa retraite en 2005
[
3
]
. Il a supervise les doctorats de plus de trente doctorants pendant sa carriere
[
2
]
.
Il est membre fondateur de la
Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East
en 1980 et son president de 1987 a 1995. Il a occupe les postes de president du conseil d'administration de l'
Institute of Historical Research
de 1988 a 1994, president du
Victoria County History
de 1989 a 1996, et chef du departement d'histoire au
Royal Holloway
de 1984 a 1990
[
2
]
.
Il s'est converti au catholicisme pendant le temps ou il etait present a Cambridge et sa croyance etait d'une importance primordiale dans sa vie
[
4
]
. Il etait marie depuis 1968 avec une artiste portraitiste, Louise Field, avec laquelle il eut trois enfants, Toby, Tammy et
Polly
[
1
]
.
Jonathan Riley-Smith a commence sa carriere par l'etude de l'
ordre de Saint-Jean de Jerusalem
, son sujet de these, puis de l'histoire politique et constitutionnelle du
royaume de Jerusalem
. Puis il est devenu une figure de premier plan de la recherche sur les
croisades
, principalement orientee sur trois sujets : qu'est-ce que les croisades ? ; quels sont les motifs des Croises ? ; quels sont les regles des colons en Terre Sainte
[
5
]
?
What Were the Crusades?
(Qu'est-ce que les croisades ?), paru en 1977, tente de repondre a ces questions et a suscite des decennies de debat. Sa principale contribution fut d'etendre la notion de croisade au-dela de la chute de
Saint-Jean-d'Acre
pour y inclure la
Reconquista
, les
croisades baltes
, les
croisade contre les albigeois
ou encore les guerres contre les
Ottomans
[
5
]
.
Il s'est interesse aux participants des premieres croisades :
The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading
en 1986 jusqu'en 1996,
The First Crusaders, 1099-1131
, ont apporte de nouvelles contributions. De son premier livre,
The Knights of St John in Jerusalem and Cyprus, c.1050-1310
en 1967 jusqu'au dernier
The Knights Hospitaller in the Levant 1070-1309
en 2012, il a etudie les ordres militaires et principalement les
Hospitaliers
de l'
ordre de Saint-Jean de Jerusalem
[
5
]
.
tires de
Ressources for Studying the Crusades
Il a produit un total de 17 titres dont 2 traduits en francais :
- The Knights of St John in Jerusalem and Cyprus, c. 1050?1310
Londres, Macmillan, 1967
- Ayyubids, Mamlukes and Crusaders. Selections from the Tarikh al-Duwal wa'l Muluk of Ibn al-Furat
, 2 volumes, Cambridge, Heffer, 1971 (avec Ursula et Malcolm c. Lyons)
- The Feudal Nobility and the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1174?1277
, Londres, Macmillan, 1973
- What Were the Crusades?
, Londres, Macmillan, 1977
- The Crusades: Idea and Reality, 1095?1274
, Londres, Edward Arnold, 1981 (avec Louise Riley-Smith)
- The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading
, Londres et Philadelphie, Athlone/University of Pennsylvania Press, 1986
- The Crusades: A Short History
, Londres et New Haven, Athlone/Yale University Press, 1987
- Les Croisades
, Paris, Pygmalion, 1990
- The Atlas of the Crusades
, Londres et New York, Times Books/Facts on File, 1991
- Atlas des croisades
, Paris, Editions Autremont, 1996
- The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades
, Oxford,
Oxford University Press
, 1995
- Cyprus and the Crusades
, Nicosie, Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East and Cyprus Research Centre, 1995 (avec Nicholas Coureas)
- Montjoie: Studies in Crusade History in Honour of Hans Eberhard Mayer
, (Aldershot, Variorum, 1997 (avec Benjamin Z. Kedar et Rudolf Hiestand)
- The First Crusaders, 1095?1131
, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1997
- Hospitallers: The History of the Order of St. John
, Londres, The Hambledon Press, 1999
- Al seguito delle Crociate Rome
, Di Renzo : Dialoghi Uomo e Societ?, 2000
- Dei gesta per Francos: Etudes sur les croisades dediees a Jean Richard
, Aldershot, Ashgate, 2001 (avec M. Balard et B.Z. Kedar)
- The Crusades, Christianity, and Islam
, Columbia University Press, 2008
- The Knights Hospitaller in the Levant 1070?1309
, Basingstoke, 2012
- ≪ The care of the sick in the twelfth-century Order of St John ≫, Glasgow St John Association, 1967
- ≪ The Templars and the castle of Tortosa in Syria: an unknown document concerning the acquisition of the fortress ≫
English Historical Review
84, 1969,
p.
278-288
- ≪ A note on confratermities in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem ≫
Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research
44, 1971,
p.
301-308
- ≪ The Assise sur la ligece and commune of Acre ≫
Traditio
27, 1971,
p.
179-204
- ≪ Some lesser officials in Latin Syria ≫
English Historical Review
87, 1972,
p.
1-26
- ≪ Government in Latin Syria and the Commercial Privileges of Foreign Merchants ≫
Relations between East and West in the Middle Ages
, D. Baker, Edinburgh, University Press, 1973,
p.
109-132
- ≪ The Order of St John in Scotland ≫ Edinburgh Museums Dept, 1976
- ≪ Akkon ≫, ≪ Armenien: Das armenische Konigreich in Kilikien ≫, ≪ Assisse sur la ligece ≫, ≪ Baron: Konigreich Jerusalem ≫, ≪ Bethlehem ≫, ≪ Bohemond I von Tarand ≫, ≪ Burg: Lateinischer Konigreich ≫, ≪ Burger: Lateinischer Osten ≫, ≪ Chronik: Kreuzzuge und Lateinischer Osten ≫, ≪ Gaston ≫, ≪ Geoffroi de Sergines ≫, ≪ Gottfried von Bouillon: Auf dem I Kreuzzug ≫, ≪ Jerusalem, Konigreich und Lateinisches Patriarchat ≫, ≪ Johann von ibelin, Graf von Jaffa ≫, ≪ Johann von Ibelin, Herr von Beirut ≫, ≪ Johanniter ≫, ≪ Josselin I ≫, ≪ Josselin II ≫, ≪ Josselin III ≫, ≪ Konigtum Jerusalem ≫, ≪ Kreuzzuge ≫, ≪ Leo I (II), Herr und Konig von Kilikisch-Armenien ≫, ≪ Leo II (III), Konig von Kilikisch-Armenien ≫,
Lexikon des Mittelalters
, Munich, Artemis, 1977/1999
- ≪ The survival in Latin Palestine of Muslim administration ≫,
The Eastern Mediterranean Lands in the Period of the Crusades
, Warminster, Aris and Phillips, 1977,
p.
9-22
- ≪ Latin titular Bishops in Palestine and Syria, 1137-1291 ≫,
Catholic Historical Review
, 64, 1978,
p.
1-15
- ≪ The Templars and the Teutonic Knights in Cilician Armenia ≫,
The Cilician Kingdom of Armenia
, T.S.R. Boase, Edinburgh, Scottish Academic Press, 1978,
p.
92-117
- ≪ Peace never established: the case of the Kingdom of Jerusalem ≫,
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
, ser.5, 28, 1978,
p.
87-102
- ≪ The title of Godfrey of Bouillon ≫,
Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research
, 52, 1979,
p.
83-86
- ≪ An Approach to Crusading Ethics ≫,
Reading Medieval Studies
, 6, 1980,
p.
3-19
- ≪ Crusading as an act of love ≫,
History
, 65, 1980,
p.
177-192
, Reproduit dans Thomas F Madden,
The crusades: the essential readings
, Oxford, Blackwell, 2002, et Constance H. Berman,
Medieval religion. New approaches
, Londres,
Routledge
, 2005
- ≪ Reading History: The Crusades ≫,
History Today
, 32, 1982,
p.
48-49
- ≪ The First Crusade and St Peter ≫,
Outremer
, B.Z. Kedar, H.E. Mayer and R.C. Smail, Jerusalem, Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi Institute, 1982,
p.
41-63
- ≪ The Franciscans and the Parish of Ascot, 1887-1980 ≫ Pamphlet - Ascot RC parish, 1982
- ≪ The motives of the earliest crusaders and the settlement of Latin Palestine ≫,
English Historical Review
, 98, 1983,
p.
721-736
- ≪ Corrado, marchese di Monferrato ≫,
Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
, 29, 1983,
p.
381-388
- ≪ Death on the First Crusade ≫,
The End of Strife
, D.M. Loades, Edinburgh, Clark, 1984,
p.
14-31
- ≪ The First Crusade and the Persecution of the Jews ≫,
Studies in Church History
, 21, 1984,
p.
51-72
- ≪ Further thoughts on Baldwin II's etablissement on the confiscation of fiefs ≫,
Crusade and Settlement
, W.Edbury, Cardiff, University of Wales Press, 1985,
p.
176-180
- ≪ The Venetian Crusade of 1122-1124 ≫,
I Communi Italiani nel regno crociato di Gerusalemme
, G. Airaldi and B.Z. Kedar, Genoa, University of Genoa, 1986,
p.
337-350
- ≪ The Latin Clergy and the Settlement of Palestine and Syria, 1098-1100 ≫,
Catholic Historical Review
, 74, 1988,
p.
539-357
- ≪ Preface ≫,
Chronicles of the Crusades
, E.Hallam, Londres, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1989,
p.
11-14
- ≪ Kreuzzuge ≫,
Theologische Realenzyklopadie
, Berlin, de Gruyter, 20, 1990,
p.
1-10
- ≪ Application of Theology to Current Affairs: Memorial Sermons on the Dead of Mansurah and on
Innocent IV
≫,
Historical Research
, 63, 1990,
p.
227-247
, avec D.L. d'Avray et P. Cole
- ≪ The Motivation of the Earliest Crusaders ≫,
St John Historical Society Proceedings
, 3, 1990-91,
p.
1-12
- ≪ The Crusades, or what happened after Runciman ≫,
St John Historical Society Proceedings
, 3, 1990-91,
p.
45-54
- ≪ Family Traditions and Participation in the Second Crusade ≫,
The Second Crusade and the Cistercians
, M.Gervers, New York, St Martin's Press, 1992,
p.
101-109
- ≪ History, the Crusades and the Latin East, 1095-1204: A Personal View ≫,
Crusaders and Muslims in Twelfth-Century Syria
, M.Shatzmiller, Leiden, Brill, 1993,
p.
1-17
- ≪ Present and Past ≫,
The Past and the Present, Problems of Understanding
, A.Hegarty, Oxford, Grandpont House, 1993,
p.
75-92
- ≪ The Order of St John in England, 1827-1858 ≫,
The Military Orders: Fighting for the Faith and Caring for the Sick
, M.Barber, Aldershot, Variorum, 1994,
p.
121-138
- ≪ The Crusading Movement and Historians ≫, ≪ The State of Mind of Crusaders to the East, 1095-1300 ≫, ≪ Revival and Survival ≫,
Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades
,
p.
1-12
,
p.
66-90
,
p.
386-391
- ≪ The Crusading Heritage of Guy and Aimery of Lusignan ≫,
Cyprus and the Crusades
,
p.
31-45
- ≪ Reinterpreting the Crusades ≫,
The Economist
, 137, no 7946, December 199),
p.
37-41
- ≪ First Crusaders to the East and the Costs of Crusading ≫,
Cross Cultural Convergences in the Crusader Period
, M. Goodich, S. Menache et S. Schein, New York, Peter Lang, 1995,
p.
237-257
- ≪ Preface ≫,
Autour de la Premiere Croisade
, M. Balard, Paris, Publications de la Sorbonne, 1996,
p.
5-6
- Montjoie, Studies in Crusade History
,
- ≪ L“idea” della prima crociata nei documenti ≫,
Le Crociate, L'Oriente e l'Occidente da Urbano II a San Luigi 1096-1270
, M.Rey-Delque, Milan, Electa, 1997,
p.
130-132
- ≪ King Fulk of Jerusalem and “the Sultan of Babylon” ≫,
Montjoie, Studies in Crusade History
, en honneur de Hans Eberhard Mayer, Aldershot, Variorum, 1997,
p.
55-66
, (avec B.Z. Kedar et R. Hiestand)
- ≪ Introduction ≫,
The First Crusade. Origins and impact
, J.Phillips, Manchester, Manchester University Press, 1997,
p.
1-4
- ≪ Families, Crusades and Settlement in the Latin East, 1102-1131 ≫,
Die Kreuzfahrerstaaten als multikulturelle Gesellschaft
, H.E.Mayer, Munich, Oldenbourg, 1997,
p.
1-12
- ≪ The Idea of Crusading in the Charters of Early Crusaders, 1095-1102 ≫,
Le Concile de Clermont de 1095 et l'Appel a la Croisade
, actes du Colloque Universitaire International de Clermont-Ferrand (23-
) organise et publie avec le concours du Conseil Regional d'Auvergne, Collection de l’Ecole francaise de Rome, 236, Rome, Ecole francaise de Rome, 1997,
p.
155-66
- ≪ Erdmann and the Historiography of the Crusades, 1935-1995 ≫,
La primera cruzada, novocientos anos despues: el concilio de Clermont y los origines del movimiento cruzado
, L. Garcia-Guijarro Ramos, Madrid, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 1997,
p.
17-29
- ≪ Raymond IV of St Gilles, Achard of Arles and the conquest of Lebanon ≫,
The Crusades and their Sources, Essays presented to Bernard Hamilton
, J. France et W.G. Zajac, Aldershot, Ashgate, 1998,
p.
1-8
- ≪ Introduction ≫,
The Military Orders
, Volume 2, Welfare and Warfare, H. Nicholson, Aldershot, Ashgate, 1998, p. xxv-xxviii
- ≪ The Crusades ≫, First Things,
- ≪ 900 Years of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta ≫,
History Today
, 49,
,
p.
2-3
- ≪ War against the infidels - and other Christians ≫,
Church Times
, 7137, 26 November 1999,
p.
16-17
- ≪ Al seguito delle Crociate Rome ≫,
Di Renzo: Dialoghi ? Uomo e Societa
, 2000
- ≪ Guy of Lusignan, the Hospitallers and the Gates of Acre ≫,
Dei gesta per Francos
, etudes sur les croisades dediees a Jean Richard, Aldershot, Ashgate, 2001,
p.
111-115
, (avec M. Balard, B.Z. Kedar)
- ≪ The crusading movement ≫,
War, Peace and World Orders in European History
, A.V. Hartmann et B. Heuser, London et New York, Routledg), 2001,
p.
127-140
- ≪ Why apologising for the crusades is futile ≫,
The Catholic Herald
, 5,
,
p.
6
- ≪ The Origins of the Commandery in the Temple and the Hospital ≫,
La Commanderie. Institution des ordres militaires dans l'Occident medieval
, Paris, CTHS, 2002,
p.
9-18
, (avec A. Luttrell et L. Pressouyre)
- ≪ Christian Violence and the Crusades ≫,
Religious Violence between Christians and Jews. Medieval Roots, Modern Perspectives
, A Sapir Abulafia, Basingstoke, Palgrave, 2002,
p.
3-20
- ≪ Religious Violence ≫,
Religious Violence between Christians and Jews. Medieval Roots, Modern Perspectives
, A Sapir Abulafia, Basingstoke, Palgrave, 2002,
p.
184-187
- ≪ Government and the indigenous in the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem ≫,
Medieval Frontiers: Concepts and Practices
, D. Abulafia et N. Berend, Aldershot, Ashgate, 2002,
p.
121-131
- ≪ Religious Authority ≫,
The Future of the Past. Big Questions in History
, P. Martland, Londres, Pimlico, 2002,
p.
1-15
- ≪ Hospitaller Spirituality in the Middle Ages ≫,
Journal of Spirituality 2: Toward a Spirituality of Communion
, Rome, Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta, 2002,
p.
17-23
- ≪ The Politics of War: France and the Holy Land ≫,
The Book of Kings. Art, War, and the Morgan Library’s Medieval Picture Bible
, William Noel et Daniel Weiss, Londres, The Walters Art Museum and Third Millenium Publishing, 2002,
p.
70-81
- ≪ Casualties and the Number of Knights on the First Crusade ≫,
Crusades
, 1, 2002,
p.
13-28
- ≪ Islam and the Crusades in History and Imagination, 8 November 1898 ? 11 September 2001 ≫,
Crusades
, 2, 2003,
p.
151-167
- ≪ Der Aufruf von Clermont und seine Folgen ≫,
Die Kreuzzuge
, H.-J. Kotzur, B. Klein et W. Wilhelmy, Mainz am Rhein, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 2004,
p.
51-63
- ≪ The Crown of France and Acre, 1254-1291 ≫,
France and the Holy Land
, D. H. Weiss et L. Mahoney, Baltimore et Londres, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004,
p.
45-62
- ≪ Were the Templars Guilty? ≫,
The Medieval Crusade
, S J. Ridyard, Woodbridge;, Boydell, 2004,
p.
107-24
- ≪ The Structures of the Orders of the Temple and the Hospital in c 1291 ≫,
The Medieval Crusade
, S J. Ridyard, Woodbridge, Boydell, 2004,
p.
125-43
- ≪ Further thoughts on the layout of the Hospital in Acre ≫,
Chemins d’outre-mer. Etudes sur la Mediterranee medievale offertes a Michel Balard
, 2 vol., Paris, Sorbonne, 2004, 2,
p.
753-764
, (avec Damien Coulon, Catherine Otten-Froux, Paule Pages et Dominique Valerien)
- ≪ Preface ≫,
The Hospitaller Order of St John in Malta 1530-1798
de Carmel Cassar et Anthony Calleja, Valletta, Mediterranean Cultural Encounters, 2005,
p.
5
- ≪ The military-religious orders. Their history and continuing relevance ≫,
Traditio Melitensis
, , 7, 2005,
p.
31-39
- ≪ Grundung und Verwaltung der lateinischen Siedlungen in der Levante ≫,
Saladin und die Keuzfahrer
, Alfried Wieczorek, Mamoun Fansa et Harald Meller, Mainz am Rhein, Philipp von Zabern, 2005,
p.
47-59
- ≪ Toward an Understanding of the Fourth Crusade as an Institution ≫, Urbs Capta, Angeliki Laiou, Paris, Realites Byzantines, 10, Lethielleux, 2005,
p.
71-87
- ≪ De Kruistocht: een heilige oorlog? ≫,
De Kruistochten
, Utrecht, Museum Catharijneconvent, 205,
p.
31-51
- ≪ The Military Orders and the East, 1149-1291 ≫,
Knighthhoods of Christ. Essays on the History of the Crusades and the Knights Templar
, N. Housley, Aldershot, Ashgate, 2007,
p.
137-149
, presentation de Malcolm Barber
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