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????? (?? ??????? : Piano ) ??? ?? ?????? ???????????? ? ????????? ????? ???. ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? (?????????) ?? ???? ?? ???????. ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ≪????? ???≫ ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???????????? ???? ????? ?? ????.

????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????? (?? ?? ??? ????? ) ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ? ???? ?? ????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????.

??????? [ ?????? ]

????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???. ^[?]^[?] ??? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??. ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????. ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ?????????? (Harpsichord) ??????? ?????. ????? ???? ? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???. ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????. ???????? ????? ???? ? ????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? ? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??????????? ??? ???? ? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????.

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??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ? ????? ????????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? (???) ????? ??????? ? ?? ???? ???????????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ^[?]

????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???????. ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????. ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ? ????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???. ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????. ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ? ???? ??? ???.

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? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????. ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????. ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ? ?? ? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?????. ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ?? (???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????) ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?? (???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????) ???.

????? [ ?????? ]

???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? (Grand Piano) ???? ?????? (? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ≪????? ?????≫ ?????? ??????)? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????. ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? (upright)? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ??????? (square grand)? ? ?????? ?????? (spinet piano) ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????.

???? ?????? [ ?????? ]

????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????. ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ? ??? ???? ????? ? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???????. ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??????. ?? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??????.

??? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????. ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????. ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? ? ?? ? ?? ????? ????. ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???????. ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????????. ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???.

???? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????. ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????. ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ? ???? ??? ? ?????? ?????? ? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????.

???? ???????? [ ?????? ]

???????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??. ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???????. ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????????. ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????.

??????????? ???? ???? [ ?????? ]

???????? [ ?????? ]

????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????
?? ?????? ≪???????? ?????≫ ?? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? . ^[?]
????? ???? ?????? ??. ?????????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ≪????? ?????≫.

???????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

?????? [ ?????? ]

↑ Erlich, Cyril (1990). The Piano: A History . Oxford University Press , USA; Revised edition. ISBN 0-19-816171-9 . {{ cite book }}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored ( help )
↑ The Piano: The Pianofortes of Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655?1731) | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art
↑ Hoffman, The Npr Classical Music Companion: An Essential Guide for Enlightened Listening , 113 .
↑ The best for all budgets: pianos , The Guardian

????? [ ?????? ]

????? ???? ??????? ( ???? )? ????? ?????? ? ??? ????

Hoffman, Miles (2005). The Npr Classical Music Companion: An Essential Guide for Enlightened Listening (?? ???????). Houghton Mifflin Harcourt . Retrieved 2013?07?24 . {{ cite book }}: Check date values in: |????? ???????= ( help )
"Piano". Britannica . Printed Edition.

[1] Erlich, Cyril (1990). The Piano: A History . Oxford University Press , USA; Revised edition. ISBN 0-19-816171-9 . {{ cite book }}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored ( help )

[2] The Piano: The Pianofortes of Bartolomeo Cristofori (1655?1731) | Thematic Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art

[3] Hoffman, The Npr Classical Music Companion: An Essential Guide for Enlightened Listening , 113 .

[4] The best for all budgets: pianos , The Guardian

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? ? ? ?????? ???????
?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????	Carillon Crotales ?????? ???? Handchime ??? ????? ??????? Steelpan ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????
?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????	Bodhran ??? ????? Cabasa ????? ??? ???? Jam block Lagerphone ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? Timbales Washboard ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????
?????? ?????? ???????	Acme siren Clash cymbals ??????????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????
?????? ???	???????? ?????? Central America and Caribbean Europe? North America Oceania? South America?
????????????? ?????? ???????	???? Percussion section Percussion ensemble
????	Percussion instruments invented since 1800 Classification of percussion instruments
????? ?????? ??????? - ????? ?????? ???????

? ? ? ????
??? ????????	?? ??? ??? ???? Call and response ???? ?????????? ??????????? Shuffles Traditional blues verses ???? ????????????? Walking bass
???????	??????? Spirituals ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????
?????? ??????	????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????
??????? ????????	???? ?????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????
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??????? ?????	?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???
????????	Blues genres Blues musicians Blues standards
Book ???:???? Portal ???:????????? ????

? ? ? ??????
?????? ??????	????? ??????? ??????? ???? (???) ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????
???????? ? ??????	??? ?????? ???? Banjo roll Bassline ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? Comping Counter-melody (Nebenstimme) ????????? ????? ???????? ??? Groove Harmonization Obbligato ????????? Riff Vamp
???? ??????	Backup band ???? ?????? ?????? Pit orchestra Rhythm section