한국   대만   중국   일본 
??????? - ?????????? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ?????

???????

?????? ???????
این یک مقالهٔ خوب است. برای اطلاعات بیشتر اینجا را کلیک کنید.
?? ?????????? ????????? ????

???? ???? ????????? ??????? (???????????) ?? ??????.

???????
???? ???????
???????? ????
???????: ????
????: ?????? ?????
???: ???????????? ??
(??????????????): ??????
?????: ????????
????: ???????
????: ????????
????: C. lanatus
??? ??????
Citrullus lanatus
????? ??????? ?? ??? ????

??????? ( ??? ???? : Citrullus lanatus ) ??????? ???? ? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ? ??? ??????. ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ???. ????? ????? ??? ? ?? ???? ? ?? ???? ???. ????? ????? ? ??????? ??? ? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??? ? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????. ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ? ?? ??? ???????? ???. ???? ???????? ????? ??? ? ?????? ??? ? ????? ???????????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????. ???? ?? ????? ? ????? ? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???. ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???. ???????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ? ??? ?? ???? ? ??? ?????.

???????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ? ??? ????? ?????????. ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????. ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???.

?? ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???. ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????. ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????????? ???? ????? ? ????? ? ????? ? ??? ??????.

???? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???. ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ? ? ? ? ???. [?] [?]

?? ???????

???????? [ ?????? ]

????? ?? ? ???? ???????

??????? ????? ???? ? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ? ??? ??? ??????. ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???????. ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ? ?????? ????? ? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ???????. [?] ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????. ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???????. ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???. ????? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ?? ? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????. ( ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????) ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????. ???????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??????????. ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ( ??????? ) ? ???? ????? ????. ( ??????? ? ??????? ) [?] ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????????? ????. ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????. ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????. [?] [?]

??????? [ ?????? ]

??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????????. ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????. ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? [?] ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???. [?] ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??????. ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?? ??????? ? ????? ???????. [?]

??????? ???? ?? ????????

?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???????. ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ? ?? ????? ????? ???????????? ???? ???????. [??]

?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???? ???. ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???????. ???? ???? ???? ??????? ? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???. ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????. [?]

????????? ??????? ? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????. ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ? ????? ?? ??? ? ????? ? ?????? ?? ????? ??. ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??????????? ? ??????? ?????????. ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ? ?? ?????? ? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??. [?]

??????????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ????. [??] ??????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ??????? ??? ? ?????? ???? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????. [??]

??? [ ?????? ]

??????? ???????

??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ????. ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? pH ??? ??? ? ? ? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???????.

???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??: ??? ? ??? ????? ? ??? ??????? ????????? . ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ? ????? ??????? ??????. [??] ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????. ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????. [?]

????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???. ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???. ?? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???????. ??????? ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????. [??]

??????? ????? ???

???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ? ??????? ? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????. [??] ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ? ????? ???? ?????????? ????? ??. ??? ???? ??????????? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????. [??] ??????????? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ? ????? ????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????. [??]

????? [ ?????? ]

??????? ?? ???? ???
??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ????
??????? ?? ???? ????? ????????

??? ?? ???? [??] ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????. [??]

  • ≪???????? ????≫ ?????????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???. [??] ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??????. [??]
  • ??? ≪???? ?????≫ ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ? ???? ????? ???? ? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??????. [??]
  • ??? ≪????????≫ ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ? ??????? ???? ? ????? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ??????? ???. ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ? ??? ???????? ??????? ? ???? ??? ???? ???? ? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????. [??]
??????? ??? ≪??? ? ???????≫
  • ??? ≪??? ? ???????≫ ?? ??? ???? ????? ??. [??] ???? ?? ?????/ ???? ??? ? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ??? (???????) ? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????? (???) ????. ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ??????? ???. [??] ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ? ????????? ???? ??????? ????. ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???. ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??????. [??]
  • ??? ≪??? ?????????≫ ???????? ??? ? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ????. ????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????. ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ??. ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????. [??]
??????? ?? ???? ????
  • ??? ???????????? ???? ???? ? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ????. ??? ??? ??? ?????? ? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???. ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????????. ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????. [??]
  • ??? ≪??????≫ ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ????. ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????. ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? (???? ???? ??????) ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???. ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? (??? ????) ???. [??]
  • ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??????????? ??????. ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??: ≪??? ??????≫? ≪???????????????≫ ? ≪??? ???????≫. [??]

???????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

???????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????: ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ????? ?????. ????? ????? (????? ????? ????????) ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???????????? (?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????)? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ????. [??]

????? ????? [ ?????? ]

??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????.

?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? [??] ?? ????????? ????? ? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????. ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ≪??????? ??????? ????????≫ ???. ??? ??????? ? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ? ??? ? ??? ?? ???? ??????. ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ???. ????? ????? ?????? ? ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ? ??????? ??????? ????? ???. [??]

?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ??.??. ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ≪??????≫ ? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??.??. ??? ≪??????? ?????≫ ?? ????? ?????. ??? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ??????????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ? ???? ??????? ??????. [?] ??? ???? ????????????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???????. ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ???. [?]

??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???????????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????????. ????? ?????? ? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ≪???????? ????≫ ?????? ???????. [??] ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???. [??]

????? [ ?????? ]

?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???. ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????. [??] ???????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ? ???????? ?????. . [??]

??? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? (?? ??? ?????? ?? ) [??]
  ??? ????
  ????? ???
  ????? ???
  ????? ???
  ??? ???
  ??? ????? ?????

????? ??????? ?? ????? [ ?????? ]

?????? ??????? Food and Agriculture Organization ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????.

??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ? ????? ? ????? ? ???????? ? ????? ? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ? ?????? ? ????? ? ???? ? ?????? ? ????? ? ????? ? ???????? ? ?? ????? ?? ????? ? ?????? ?? ????? ? ????? ? ????? ????? ???????.

??????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ? ????? ? ?????? ? ???? ? ????? ???? ???????. [??]

???????? [ ?????? ]

?????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????. ??? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ? ???????? ???????. [??] [??] [??] [??]

??????? ?? ?? ???? [ ?????? ]

?????? ????: ?? ????

?? ???? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ? ????????? ? ????????? ? ???????? ??? ????? ??????.

??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????:

  1. ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????????.
  2. ?? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??????. ( ???? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????????)

?? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????????. ?? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ? ??????? ???. [??]

??? ? ??????? [ ?????? ]

??????? (???) - ???? ????
???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? (??? ????)
????? ??? ??????? (?? ?????????)
7.55 g
??? 6.2 g
???? ?????? 0.4 g
0.15 g
0.61 g
??????????
???? ???? ??????
????? ??????? ?
??
?? ????????
??????? (B ? )
??
????? ????????
(B ? )
??
????? ????????
?????? (B ? )
??
????? ????????
????????? ???? (B ? )
??
????? ????????
??????? ? ?
??
????? ????????
????? (B ? )
??
? ????????
??????? ?
???
??? ????????
???? ????? ?????
???? ???? ??????
?????
??
? ????????
???
??
???? ????????
??????
??
?? ????????
????
??
?? ????????
??????
??
??? ????????
???
??
???? ????????
???? ????? ?????
?? 91.45 g
† ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????.
????: ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????

??????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? (????). [??]

?? ???????

??????? ??????? ????? ? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????????????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????. [??] [??] ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??????????? ???? ????? ???. [??]

????? ???????

??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???. [?] ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????. [??] ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???????. [??]

???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???????. ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? [??] ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? [?] ?? ???? ????????. [??] [??]

???? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????. [??]

???? ???? ?? ???????

?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????????. ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ≪??????? ???≫ ????????. [??]

??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????

???????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ? ?? ?? ????? ????????. [?] ??? ???? ???? ???????? ? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???????. [??] ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???????. ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????. [?]

???? ?????? [ ?????? ]

??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? (????). ??? ??????? ? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? (????). ???? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???. [??]

???? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??????. [??] [??]

???????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

????? [ ?????? ]

  1. ↑ https://www.healthline.com/health/food-nutrition/watermelon-rind-benefits
  2. ↑ https://www.vedantu.com/evs/uses-of-watermelon-rind
  3. ↑ "Citrullus lanatus(Thunb.) Matsumura & Nakai watermelon" . NEW ENGLAND WILD FLOWER SOCIETY. Archived from the original on 3 August 2018 . Retrieved 16 June 2017 . {{ cite web }} : line feed character in |title= at position 44 ( help )
  4. ↑ "A Systematic Treatment of Fruit Types" . Worldbotanical.com. Archived from the original on 17 July 2017 . Retrieved 7 October 2014 .
  5. ↑ ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? Maynard, David; Maynard, Donald N. (2012). "6: Cucumbers, melons and watermelons" . In Kiple, Kenneth F.; Ornelas, Kriemhild Conee (eds.). The Cambridge World History of Food, Part 2 . Cambridge University Press. doi : 10.1017/CHOL9780521402156 . ISBN   978-0-521-40215-6 .
  6. ↑ ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? " Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai" . South Africa National Biodiversity Institute. Archived from the original on 19 July 2017 . Retrieved 4 October 2014 . ???? ??????: ????? <ref> ???????? ??? ≪SANBI≫ ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???. (????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????.).
  7. ↑ Candolle, Origin of Cultivated Plants (1882) pp 262ff, s.v. "Water-melon".
  8. ↑ Wehner, Todd C. Watermelon Crop Information . North Carolina State University
  9. ↑ Dane, Fenny; Liu, Jiarong (2006). "Diversity and origin of cultivated and citron type watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus )". Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution . 54 (6): 1255. doi : 10.1007/s10722-006-9107-3 .
  10. ↑ Zohary, Daniel and Hopf, Maria (2000) Domestication of Plants in the Old World , third edition, Oxford University Press, p. 193, ISBN 0-19-850357-1 .
  11. ↑ "Production of Seedless Watermelons" . US Department of Agriculture. 15 June 1971. Archived from the original on 17 July 2017 . Retrieved 31 May 2017 .
  12. ↑ Naeve, Linda (December 2015). "Watermelon" . agmrc.org . Agricultural Marketing Resource Center. Archived from the original on 19 July 2017 . Retrieved 31 May 2017 .
  13. ↑ Brickell, Christopher (ed) (1992). The Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Gardening (Print). London: Dorling Kindersley. p.  333 . ISBN   978-0-86318-979-1 . {{ cite book }} : |first1= has generic name ( help )
  14. ↑ ???? ???? "Watermelon Variety Descriptions" . Washington State University . Archived from the original on 17 July 2017 . Retrieved 2 October 2014 . ???? ??????: ????? <ref> ???????? ??? ≪WSU≫ ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???. (????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????.).
  15. ↑ ???? ???? "Square fruit stuns Japanese shoppers" . BBC News. 15 June 2001. Archived from the original on 17 July 2017 . Retrieved 28 February 2017 .
  16. ↑ "Square watermelons Japan. English version" . YouTube. 6 November 2013. Archived from the original on 17 July 2017 . Retrieved 3 August 2014 .
  17. ↑ "Vegetable Research & Extension Center ? Icebox Watermelons" . Archived from the original on 17 July 2017 . Retrieved 2 August 2008 .
  18. ↑ ???? ???? "Heaviest watermelon" . Guinness World Records . Archived from the original on 17 July 2017 . Retrieved 2 July 2015 . ???? ??????: ????? <ref> ???????? ??? ≪weight_record≫ ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???. (????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????.).
  19. ↑ "Watermelon growing contest" . Georgia 4H . The University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. 2005. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014 . Retrieved 5 October 2014 .
  20. ↑ "Golden Midget Watermelon" . Archived from the original on 11 October 2007 . Retrieved 5 October 2014 .
  21. ↑ "Orangeglo Watermelon" . Archived from the original on 27 September 2007 . Retrieved 23 April 2007 .
  22. ↑ "Moon and Stars Watermelon Heirloom" . rareseeds.com . Archived from the original on 17 December 2007 . Retrieved 15 July 2008 .
  23. ↑ Evans, Lynette (15 July 2005). "Moon & Stars watermelon ( Citrullus lanatu s) ? Seed-spittin' melons makin' a comeback" . The San Francisco Chronicle . Archived from the original on 13 October 2007 . Retrieved 6 July 2007 .
  24. ↑ "Moon and Stars Watermelon" . Archived from the original on 2 June 2007 . Retrieved 23 April 2007 .
  25. ↑ "Watermelon, Cream Saskatchewan" . seedsavers.org . Archived from the original on 21 February 2009.
  26. ↑ "Melitopolski Watermelon" . Archived from the original on 27 September 2007 . Retrieved 23 April 2007 .
  27. ↑ Hosaka, Tomoko A. (6 June 2008). "Black Japanese watermelon sold at record price" . The Associated Pres . Archived from the original on 9 June 2008 . Retrieved 10 June 2008 .
  28. ↑ ???? ???? Todd C. Wehner (2008). "12. Watermelon". In Jaime Prohens and Fernando Nuez (ed.). Handbook of plant breeding. Volume 1, Vegetables. I, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Chenopodicaceae, and Cucurbitaceae . Springer. pp. 381?418. doi : 10.1007/978-0-387-30443-4_12 . Archived from the original on 19 July 2017 . Retrieved 1 March 2017 .
  29. ↑ ≪???????? ???????≫ . ???????? ???. ??????????? ?? ???? ?? 17 ????? 2017 . ?????????? ?? ?? ????????? . ????? ???? ??? ?? |????? ??????= ?? ????? ???? ( ??? )
  30. ↑ "Charles Frederick Andrus" . findagrave. Archived from the original on 17 July 2017 . Retrieved 17 June 2017 . {{ cite web }} : Cite has empty unknown parameter: |3= ( help )
  31. ↑ "Watermelon developer dies at 101" . Post and Courier , 16 July 2007
  32. ↑ "Good reasons for icebox melons" . The Free Library . Sunset. 1 May 1985. Archived from the original on 17 July 2017 . Retrieved 4 October 2014 .
  33. ↑ ???? ???? ???? "Watermelon production in 2014; Crops/Regions (World list)/Production quantity (from pick lists)" . Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Statistics Division (FAOSTAT). 2017. Archived from the original on 17 July 2017 . Retrieved 8 March 2017 .
  34. ↑ "Statistics from: Food And Agricultural Organization of United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Division" . UN Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database . Archived from the original on 19 July 2017 . Retrieved 7 July 2014 .
  35. ↑ ≪?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????≫ . ???????? ????????? ????? ≪?????≫. ??????????? ?? ???? ?? 17 ????? 2017 . ?????????? ?? ????/??/?? . ?? ??????? ???????? |????? ?????? ???= ??????? ?? ( ??? ); ????? ???? ??? ?? |????? ??????= ?? ????? ???? ( ??? )
  36. ↑ ≪???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???????≫ . ???????? ??? . ?????????? ?? ????/??/?? . ????? ???? ??? ?? |????? ??????= ?? ????? ???? ( ??? )
  37. ↑ ≪????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????????≫ . ????? ??????. ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? . ?????????? ?? ????/??/?? . ?? ??????? ???????? |????? ?????? ???= ??????? ?? ( ??? ); ????? ???? ??? ?? |????? ??????= ?? ????? ???? ( ??? )
  38. ↑ ≪???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ? ??? ????? ?????? ??????≫ . ???????? ???? . ?????????? ?? ????/??/?? . ?? ??????? ???????? |????? ?????? ???= ??????? ?? ( ??? ); ????? ???? ??? ?? |????? ??????= ?? ????? ???? ( ??? )
  39. ↑ ≪??? ? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????≫ . ???????? ????? . ?????????? ?? ????/??/? . ?? ??????? ???????? |????? ?????? ???= ??????? ?? ( ??? ); ????? ???? ??? ?? |????? ??????= ?? ????? ???? ( ??? )
  40. ↑ ≪???? ?? ??? ??????≫ . ???????? ?????. ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? . ?????????? ?? ?? ????? ???? . ?? ??????? ???????? |????? ?????? ???= ??????? ?? ( ??? )
  41. ↑ "Watermelon, raw" . Nutritional data . Self. Archived from the original on 19 July 2017 . Retrieved 5 October 2014 .
  42. ↑ "Watermelon" . g Marketing Resource Center, US Department of Agriculture, Iowa State University. 2017. Archived from the original on 19 July 2017 . Retrieved 9 May 2017 .
  43. ↑ "Top 10 ways to enjoy watermelon" . Produce for Better Health Foundation, Centers for Disease Control, US National Institutes of Health. 2017. Archived from the original on 19 July 2017 . Retrieved 9 May 2017 .
  44. ↑ Keller, Jack (2002). "Watermelon Wines" . Winemaking Home Page . Archived from the original on 19 July 2017 . Retrieved 5 October 2014 .
  45. ↑ Shiu-ying Hu (2005). Food Plants of China . Chinese University Press. p. 125. ISBN   978-962-996-229-6 . Archived from the original on 19 July 2017 . Retrieved 5 March 2017 .
  46. ↑ The Asian Texans By Marilyn Dell Brady, Texas A&M University Press
  47. ↑ ???? ???? Anthony F. Chiffolo; Rayner W. Hesse (2006). Cooking with the Bible: Biblical Food, Feasts, and Lore . Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 278. ISBN   978-0-313-33410-8 . Archived from the original on 19 July 2017 . Retrieved 1 March 2017 .
  48. ↑ Bryant Terry (2009). Vegan Soul Kitchen: Fresh, Healthy, and Creative African-American Cuisine . Da Capo Press. p. 46. ISBN   978-0-7867-4503-6 . Archived from the original on 19 July 2017 . Retrieved 1 March 2017 .
  49. ↑ "Oklahoma Declares Watermelon Its State Vegetable" . CBS4denver . 18 April 2007. Archived from the original on 2 March 2008 . Retrieved 3 October 2009 .
  50. ↑ "WATERMELONS(Citrullus Vulgaris)" . botnical-online. Archived from the original on 19 July 2017 . Retrieved 16 June 2017 .
  51. ↑ Perkins-Veazie P, Collins JK, Davis AR, Roberts W (2006). "Carotenoid content of 50 watermelon cultivars". J Agric Food Chem . 54 (7): 2593?7. doi : 10.1021/jf052066p . PMID   16569049 . {{ cite journal }} : ??????? ??????:??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ( link )
  52. ↑ Rimando AM, Perkins-Veazie PM (2005). "Determination of citrulline in watermelon rind". J Chromatogr A . 1078 (1?2): 196?200. doi : 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.05.009 . PMID   16007998 . {{ cite journal }} : ??????? ??????:??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ( link )
  53. ↑ The Associated Press (3 July 2008). "CBC News ? Health ? Watermelon the real passion fruit?" . CBC. Archived from the original on 19 July 2017 . Retrieved 3 August 2014 .

????? ?? ????? [ ?????? ]

?? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???.
????????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????????? ????? ???.
??????? ????? ?? ????????? : ???????
??????? ?? ≪ https://fa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=???????&oldid=38604460 ≫