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?????? ??????	2003-022A
????? ?????	?????
?????	exploration .esa .int /mars
??? ???????	Elapsed: ; ?? ???? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? since launch ; ?? ???? ? ??? ? ? ??? at Mars
????????? ???????
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??? ?????	????? ??????? (????? ????)
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????	460 watts
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????? ??????????	2 June 2003, 17:45 UTC
????	Soyuz-FG / Fregat
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???? areion	??? ??????? (??? ????)
??? areion	?????? ??????? (????? ????)
?????? ?????	86.3 degrees
?????	7.5 hours
??????? ????
????? ???????	Mars Express
???? ?? ????	25 December 2003, 03:00 UTC ; MSD 46206 08:27 AMT
???????? ????
????? ???????	???? ?
????? ????	25 December 2003, 02:54 UTC

???? ?????? (?? ??????? : Mars Express )? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? (ESA) ????? ???????. ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ? ? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???. ????? ≪??????≫ ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ? ????? ???????. ^[?] ?? ??? ??? ≪??????≫ ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????.

???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????????? ??????? ? ????? ???? ? ? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ????????????? ? ??????? ????? ???????. ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?: ??????????? ?? ???? ???? ? ??????????????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ???-????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ? ????? ???? ????? ? ???? ????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????????????? .

?? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????????. ^[?]^[?]^[?] ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ? ???? ?? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? (?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ?????) ????? ??. ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???. ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ? ???? ??????? ??. ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? $ ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????. ^[?] ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ^[?] ? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ? ??????? ??????????? ^[?] ? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ???. ^[?]

?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? (? ????)? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????.

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??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? (? ?? ??? ????) ?????? ??? ????? ??? ? ??????? ? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????. ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ?????????????? ???? ? ????? ??????. ?????? ? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???.

??? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????-?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ????????? (?????????? ???????)? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ? ??? ? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ? ????? ???????. ???? ??????? ?? ??????????? ???? ?? ? ???? ??? ????????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???.

????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? (€) ????????. ^[?]^[??] ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ? ?????????? ??????? (EADS) ???

??????? ? ???????????? [ ?????? ]

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??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??????????. ??? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ? ??? ??????? ???? ???. ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??? × ??? ??? × ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???? ?????????? ???. ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??????????? ???????. ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???-????? ????? ???? ?????????. ^[??]

????? ????? [ ?????? ]

???????? ?????/????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????. ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ≪???? ????≫ ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??. ?? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???. ^[??]

???????? [ ?????? ]

?????? ???? ? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? 8:31 UTC (09:31 CET) ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??. ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? . ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? 02:45 UT ?? ?? ?????? (21:45 EST ?????? ??) ?? ???. ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ? ??????????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??. ??? ? ?? ? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??. ^[??]

??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? [ ?????? ]

?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????. ^[??]

?? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????. ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ? ????? ? ??? ??? ????. ^[??]

???????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

????? [ ?????? ]

↑ "ESA - Mars Express - Mars Express Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)" . ESA . 18 February 2009 . Retrieved 28 March 2016 .
↑ "Mission extensions approved for science missions" . ESA . 7 October 2009 . Retrieved 28 March 2016 .
↑ "Working life extensions for ESA's science missions" . ESA Science & Technology . ESA . 28 November 2014 . Retrieved 9 May 2015 .
↑ "Green light for continued operations of ESA science missions" . ESA Science & Technology . ESA . 7 December 2017 . Retrieved 24 January 2018 .
↑ Announcement by the European Space Agency on the launch of the Mars Express space probe: "Mars en route for the red planet". (2004). Historic documents of 2003. Washington, DC: CQ Press. Retrieved from http://library.cqpress.com/cqpac/hsdcp03p-229-9844-633819
↑ Denis, Michel (20 October 2014). "Spacecraft in great shape ? our mission continues" . European Space Agency . Retrieved 21 October 2014 .
↑ Webster, Guy; Brown, Dwayne; Jones, Nancy; Steigerwald, Bill (19 October 2014). "All Three NASA Mars Orbiters Healthy After Comet Flyby" . NASA . Retrieved 20 October 2014 .
↑ Staff (21 October 2014). "I'm safe and sound, tweets MOM after comet sighting" . The Hindu . Retrieved 21 October 2014 .
↑ "Mars Express: Summary" . European Space Agency. 29 Mar 2011.
↑ "Mars Express" . NSSDC ID: 2003-022A . NASA.
↑ ^???? ^???? "The spacecraft / Mars Express" . ESA . 10 October 2005 . Retrieved 29 March 2016 .
↑ "Beagle 2 ESA/UK Commission of Inquiry" . NASASpaceFlight.com . 5 April 2004 . Retrieved 29 March 2016 .
↑ ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ? ????? ??????????
↑ ??? '?????? ??' ?? ???? ? ???????? ?????

?????????????? ?????????. ≪ Mars Express ≫. ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ??????????? ?? ?? ????? ????.

????? ?? ????? [ ?????? ]

ESA Mars Express project ? official website
ESA Mars Express project ? scientific website
ESA Mars Express operations site
Mars Express Mission Profile by NASA's Solar System Exploration
First Mars Express Science Conference presentations (at MarsToday.com)
NASA Art Gallery of Mars Express
Can show present over head position of Mars Express

[1] "ESA - Mars Express - Mars Express Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)" . ESA . 18 February 2009 . Retrieved 28 March 2016 .

[2] "Mission extensions approved for science missions" . ESA . 7 October 2009 . Retrieved 28 March 2016 .

[ex2016-3] "Working life extensions for ESA's science missions" . ESA Science & Technology . ESA . 28 November 2014 . Retrieved 9 May 2015 .

[ex2017-4] "Green light for continued operations of ESA science missions" . ESA Science & Technology . ESA . 7 December 2017 . Retrieved 24 January 2018 .

[5] Announcement by the European Space Agency on the launch of the Mars Express space probe: "Mars en route for the red planet". (2004). Historic documents of 2003. Washington, DC: CQ Press. Retrieved from http://library.cqpress.com/cqpac/hsdcp03p-229-9844-633819

[ESA-20141020-6] Denis, Michel (20 October 2014). "Spacecraft in great shape ? our mission continues" . European Space Agency . Retrieved 21 October 2014 .

[NASA-20141019-7] Webster, Guy; Brown, Dwayne; Jones, Nancy; Steigerwald, Bill (19 October 2014). "All Three NASA Mars Orbiters Healthy After Comet Flyby" . NASA . Retrieved 20 October 2014 .

[ISRO_MOM_safe_after_Mars_comet_flyby-8] Staff (21 October 2014). "I'm safe and sound, tweets MOM after comet sighting" . The Hindu . Retrieved 21 October 2014 .

[esa31021-9] "Mars Express: Summary" . European Space Agency. 29 Mar 2011.

[nasa2003-022A-10] "Mars Express" . NSSDC ID: 2003-022A . NASA.

[ref1-11] ???? ^???? "The spacecraft / Mars Express" . ESA . 10 October 2005 . Retrieved 29 March 2016 .

[inquiry-12] "Beagle 2 ESA/UK Commission of Inquiry" . NASASpaceFlight.com . 5 April 2004 . Retrieved 29 March 2016 .

[13] ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ? ????? ??????????

[14] ??? '?????? ??' ?? ???? ? ???????? ?????

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