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?????? [ ?????? ]

↑ ^??? ^??? ^??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??????
↑ ?????? ????
↑ Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1996). The new Islamic dynasties: a chronological and genealogical manual . Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-0684-X . OCLC 35692500 .
↑ Roshwald, Aviel (2013). "Part II. The Emergence of Nationalism: Politics and Power ? Nationalism in the Middle East, 1876?1945" . In Breuilly, John (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of the History of Nationalism . Oxford and New York : Oxford University Press . pp. 220?241. doi : 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199209194.013.0011 . ISBN 978-0-19-175030-4 .
↑ "Source Records of the Great War Sharif Hussein's Proclamation of Independence from Turkey, 27th June 1916" . Sayyid Ahmed Amiruddin (?? ???????). 2013-08-13. Archived from the original on 9 ????? 2022 . Retrieved 1 August 2023 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help )
↑ Peters, Francis E. (2017) [1994]. Mecca: A Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land . Princeton Legacy Library. Princeton, New Jersey and Woodstock, Oxfordshire : Princeton University Press . p. 397. ISBN 978-1-4008-8736-1 . OCLC 468351969 .
↑ Strohmeier, Martin (2019-09-03). "The exile of Husayn b. Ali, ex-sharif of Mecca and ex-king of the Hijaz, in Cyprus (1925?1930)" . Middle Eastern Studies (?? ???????). 55 (5): 733?755. doi : 10.1080/00263206.2019.1596895 . ISSN 0026-3206 .
↑ Muhammad Rafi (1964). Mecca in the XIVth century after the Hegire / ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? (?? ????). Mecca. p. 291.
↑ ≪Lawrence of Arabia. King Hussein | PBS≫ . www.pbs.org . ?????????? ?? ????-??-?? .
↑ Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca ^{^{[
????? ????
]}}

????? [ ?????? ]

??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ? ?? ???? ????? ????? ? ????: ???????? ? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????
?????? ????? ???????? ( ?? ??? ???? ). ≪??????. ?? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????≫ . ?????? ??????. ^{^{[
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]}}

????? ?? ????? [ ?????? ]

[shakeri-1] ??? ^??? ^??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??????

[keyhani-2] ?????? ????

[:0-3] Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1996). The new Islamic dynasties: a chronological and genealogical manual . Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-0684-X . OCLC 35692500 .

[Roshwald_2013-4] Roshwald, Aviel (2013). "Part II. The Emergence of Nationalism: Politics and Power ? Nationalism in the Middle East, 1876?1945" . In Breuilly, John (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of the History of Nationalism . Oxford and New York : Oxford University Press . pp. 220?241. doi : 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199209194.013.0011 . ISBN 978-0-19-175030-4 .

[5] "Source Records of the Great War Sharif Hussein's Proclamation of Independence from Turkey, 27th June 1916" . Sayyid Ahmed Amiruddin (?? ???????). 2013-08-13. Archived from the original on 9 ????? 2022 . Retrieved 1 August 2023 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |archive-date= ( help )

[Peters_1994-6] Peters, Francis E. (2017) [1994]. Mecca: A Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land . Princeton Legacy Library. Princeton, New Jersey and Woodstock, Oxfordshire : Princeton University Press . p. 397. ISBN 978-1-4008-8736-1 . OCLC 468351969 .

[7] Strohmeier, Martin (2019-09-03). "The exile of Husayn b. Ali, ex-sharif of Mecca and ex-king of the Hijaz, in Cyprus (1925?1930)" . Middle Eastern Studies (?? ???????). 55 (5): 733?755. doi : 10.1080/00263206.2019.1596895 . ISSN 0026-3206 .

[:5-8] Muhammad Rafi (1964). Mecca in the XIVth century after the Hegire / ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? (?? ????). Mecca. p. 291.

[9] ≪Lawrence of Arabia. King Hussein | PBS≫ . www.pbs.org . ?????????? ?? ????-??-?? .

[10] Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca ^{^{[
????? ????
]}}

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