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????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ????. ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ? ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???. ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????. ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????. ????? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??. ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????? ????. ^[??]

????? [ ?????? ]

?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???. ^[??]^[??] ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ?????. ^[??] ????? ???? ???? ???? ????. ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ???. ?? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????. ^[??]

?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???. ^[??]^[??] ?? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? - ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? - ?? ?? ????? ???? ???. ^[??] ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ???. ^[??]^[??]^[??]

??????? [ ?????? ]

?? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????? (????????? ???? ???????) ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???. ^[??]

??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???. ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ? ???????? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ???????. ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???. ^[??]

????? [ ?????? ]

↑ "Foreign Relations, 1969-1972, Volume E-4, Iran and Iraq" . 2001-2009.state.gov (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2023-12-14 .
↑ Zonis, Marvin (1991). Majestic Failure: The Fall of the Shah . University of Chicago Press. pp. 69 , 201. ISBN 978-0-226-98929-7 .
↑ Simons, Geoff; DeLoache, Judy S. (1993-11-29). Iraq: From Summer To Saddam (?? ???????). Springer. p. 273. ISBN 978-1-349-23147-8 .
↑ C. R., Jonathan (11 April 1980). "Iraq Expelling 20,000 Iranians Following Border Clashes" . ???????? ??? . Retrieved 9 September 2023 .
↑ ^??? ^??? Simons, Geoff; DeLoache, Judy S. (1993-11-29). Iraq: From Summer To Saddam (?? ???????). Springer. p. 273. ISBN 978-1-349-23147-8 .
↑ J. Schofield, Militarization and War , p. 122
↑ Kutchera, Chris (1979). Le Mouvement national Kurde . Paris. pp. 322?323.
↑ ^??? ^??? ^??? ^??? Salama, Sammy; Al-Marashi, Ibrahim (2008). An Analytical History: Iraq's Armed Forces . Routledge. pp. 121?122. ISBN 978-0-415-40078-7 .
↑ "CSP - Major Episodes of Political Violence, 1946-2013" . 2019-07-17. Archived from the original on 17 July 2019 . Retrieved 2020-11-01 .
↑ Karsh, Efraim The Iran-Iraq War 1980?1988 , London: Osprey, 2002 page 8
↑ ^???? ^???? ^???? ^???? Karsh, Efraim (25 April 2002). The Iran?Iraq War: 1980?1988 . Osprey Publishing. pp. 1 ?8, 12?16, 19?82. ISBN 978-1-84176-371-2 .
↑ ^???? ^???? Ranard, Donald A. (ed.). "History" . Iraqis and Their Culture . Archived from the original on 10 January 2011.
↑ Farrokh, Kaveh. Iran at War: 1500?1988 . Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78096-221-4 .
↑ "CSP - Major Episodes of Political Violence, 1946-2013" . Systemicpeace.org . Retrieved 2018-09-24 .
↑ "Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969?1976, Volume XXVII, Iran; Iraq, 1973?1976 - Office of the Historian" . history.state.gov . Retrieved 2020-11-23 .
↑ ^???? ^???? Abadan ??????????? ?? ????-??-?? ???? Wayback Machine , Sajed ??????????? ?? ? ????? ???? ???? Wayback Machine , Retrieved on March 16, 2009. ???? ??????: ????? <ref> ???????? ??? ≪Abadan≫ ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???. (????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????.).
↑ "IRAQ vii. IRAN-IRAQ WAR" . Encyclopædia Iranica. 2006-12-15. Archived from the original on 13 September 2017.

[1] "Foreign Relations, 1969-1972, Volume E-4, Iran and Iraq" . 2001-2009.state.gov (?? ???????) . Retrieved 2023-12-14 .

[2] Zonis, Marvin (1991). Majestic Failure: The Fall of the Shah . University of Chicago Press. pp. 69 , 201. ISBN 978-0-226-98929-7 .

[3] Simons, Geoff; DeLoache, Judy S. (1993-11-29). Iraq: From Summer To Saddam (?? ???????). Springer. p. 273. ISBN 978-1-349-23147-8 .

[4] C. R., Jonathan (11 April 1980). "Iraq Expelling 20,000 Iranians Following Border Clashes" . ???????? ??? . Retrieved 9 September 2023 .

[Geoff-5] ??? ^??? Simons, Geoff; DeLoache, Judy S. (1993-11-29). Iraq: From Summer To Saddam (?? ???????). Springer. p. 273. ISBN 978-1-349-23147-8 .

[6] J. Schofield, Militarization and War , p. 122

[Le_Mouvement_national_Kurde-7] Kutchera, Chris (1979). Le Mouvement national Kurde . Paris. pp. 322?323.

[strength-8] ??? ^??? ^??? ^??? Salama, Sammy; Al-Marashi, Ibrahim (2008). An Analytical History: Iraq's Armed Forces . Routledge. pp. 121?122. ISBN 978-0-415-40078-7 .

[9] "CSP - Major Episodes of Political Violence, 1946-2013" . 2019-07-17. Archived from the original on 17 July 2019 . Retrieved 2020-11-01 .

[Karsh,_Efraim_page_8-10] Karsh, Efraim The Iran-Iraq War 1980?1988 , London: Osprey, 2002 page 8

[efraimkarsh-11] ???? ^???? ^???? ^???? Karsh, Efraim (25 April 2002). The Iran?Iraq War: 1980?1988 . Osprey Publishing. pp. 1 ?8, 12?16, 19?82. ISBN 978-1-84176-371-2 .

[ranard-12] ???? ^???? Ranard, Donald A. (ed.). "History" . Iraqis and Their Culture . Archived from the original on 10 January 2011.

[Farrokh_03-13] Farrokh, Kaveh. Iran at War: 1500?1988 . Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78096-221-4 .

[14] "CSP - Major Episodes of Political Violence, 1946-2013" . Systemicpeace.org . Retrieved 2018-09-24 .

[15] "Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969?1976, Volume XXVII, Iran; Iraq, 1973?1976 - Office of the Historian" . history.state.gov . Retrieved 2020-11-23 .

[Abadan-16] ???? ^???? Abadan ??????????? ?? ????-??-?? ???? Wayback Machine , Sajed ??????????? ?? ? ????? ???? ???? Wayback Machine , Retrieved on March 16, 2009. ???? ??????: ????? <ref> ???????? ??? ≪Abadan≫ ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???. (????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????.).

[iranicaonline-17] "IRAQ vii. IRAN-IRAQ WAR" . Encyclopædia Iranica. 2006-12-15. Archived from the original on 13 September 2017.

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