한국   대만   중국   일본 
???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? - ?????????? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ?????

???? ???? ?? ???? ??????

?????? : ??° ??′ ??″ ????? ??° ??′ ??″ ???? ? / ? ?????????° ????? ?????????° ???? ? / 43.310175; 45.670059
?? ?????????? ????????? ????
???? ???? ?? ???? ??????
?????? ?????? ? ??? ? ?????
?????? ??° ??′ ??″ ????? ??° ??′ ??″ ???? ? / ? ?????????° ????? ?????????° ???? ? / 43.310175; 45.670059
????? ?? ????? ????
??:??(??:?? UTC)
??? ???? ?????? ??? ? ??????
???? ????
?????????? ???? ???????
??????? ????+
??????? ?????+

???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???. ?? ?? ?? ??????????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ???? ?????. [?] ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ????. [?]

?????? [ ?????? ]

?? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ≪???????? ?????≫ ?????? ??. [?] [?] ?????? ?? ?????? ? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???? (????? ??????) ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ≪ ???????? ≫ ???? [?] [?] [?] [?] ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ? ????? ?? ???? ?????. [?]

???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????????????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ????????? [??] ????????? ??? ≪??? ?? ??? ????≫ ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ????. [??]

??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ≪????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???≫ ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????. [??] ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????. ?? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ( ?????????? ) ? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???????????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????????. ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??????????? ????? ??? ? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????. ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??. ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????. [??] [??]

????? [ ?????? ]

  1. "Terrorists launch deadly attack on Chechen parliament (Update 1)" . RIA Novosti . 19 October 2010.
  2. "Six dead in attack on Chechen parliament ? Kadyrov" . RIA Novosti . 19 October 2010.
  3. Abdullaev, Nabi. "A Parliament Built for Kadyrov" . The Moscow Times , 25 November 2005.
  4. Page, Jeremy. "Chechens too scared to vote in 'sham' poll" . The Times , 26 November 2005.
  5. Goble, Paul. "Window on Eurasia: Kadyrov has Made Chechnya a Totalitarian State, Human Rights Group Says" . 16 January 2008.
  6. Правозащитники: Тоталитарный режим в Чеченской республике вмешивается во все аспекты жизни людей ??????????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? Wayback Machine . sobkorr.ru, 15 January 2008. (????)
  7. Gligashvili, Sergei. "The choice of unfreedom" . Prague Watchdog, 25 May 2009.
  8. Ferris-Rotman, Amie. "Factbox: Five facts on Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov" ??????????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ???? Wayback Machine . Reuters, 5 March 2011.
  9. Worst of the Worst: The World’s Most Repressive Societies 2009 ??????????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? Wayback Machine . Freedom House
  10. "United Russia wins over 99% of vote in Chechnya ? preliminary data" . RIA Novosti , 3 December 2007.
  11. Washington, Tom. "United Russia could win 120% of seats in Chechen parliament" ??????????? ?? ? ???? ???? ???? Wayback Machine . The Moscow News , 27 October 2010.
  12. "Chechnya parliament attackers 'arrived by taxi'" , BBC News , 20 October 2010.
  13. "Chechen Commanders Rebel Against Umarov" , RFE/RL , 13 August 2010.
  14. "Chechen Rebel Field Commanders Renounced Loyalty Oath to Doku Umarov" ??????????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? Wayback Machine . Eurasia Daily Monitor, Volume 7, Issue 182. Jamestown Foundation , 8 October 2010.