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??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? (?? ???? ???) ??? ????? ??????. ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???. [??] ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ? [??] [??] [??] ???? ????? ? [??] ???????? ? ????? ???? ? [??] ???? ? [??] ??? ?? ????? ? ? ??????????? ????.

???????? [ ?????? ]

???????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??.

????? ???? [ ?????? ]

????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???: ≪????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ? ????? ??≫. [??]

?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ≪?????≫ ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????. [??] ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ≪???? ??????≫ ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??  – ?????? ?????? ? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? – ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???. ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ????. [??] ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??????. ????? ??? ??? – ??????? ?? ?? ?? ????/???? ???? – ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????. ????? ????????? ????? ? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ????????. ??? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? (????) ?? ????? ????? ?????? (?????). ???? ?????????????. [??]

?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????:

??????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???. ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????. ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ???.

??? ?? ???? ? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ? ?? ??? ????? ??????.

?? ???? ????? ???? ? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? (?? ???? ????? ?? ????????) ??? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????.

???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????. ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ???????? ????? ≪??????≫ ????????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???????. ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ≪?????≫ ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????. ????????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???. [??]

??? ?? ????? [ ?????? ]

?????? ????: ???? (????????)

?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????. ?? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ? ???? ????? ? ????????????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???. [??] ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???.

????? ???? ????? [ ?????? ]

??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????. ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???. [??]

?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ( ????? ???? ????? ) ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????. ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ???. ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ????????? (???) ????? ???????. ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????. ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???.

???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???. ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????????. ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????. ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ? ?????? ???????. ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????????. [??]

?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????. ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? (?? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????) ?? ≪?????≫ ??????? (?? ????? ?? ? ?? ????? ???????). ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????. ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???. ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????. ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????????? (?? ???? ????? ??? ????) ???? ????? ????? ????? ? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????. [??]

??????????? [ ?????? ]

???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? (?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? )? ???? ?????? ? ????? ? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????????. [??] [??] ?????? ??????????? ?? ??? ???????? ? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????????. ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? [??] [??] ??????? (????????? ??????) ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ≪???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ???.≫. [??]

??? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?? ?? ???????. [??] ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ???????. ? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????. [??] ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????. [??] ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????????. [??] ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ? ???????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???. [??] ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ? ????? ??????. [??]

?????? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ??????. ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??????????? ?? ???? ????? ??????. [??] ????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??????. ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????????. [??] ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???. [??] ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????. [??]

????????? [ ?????? ]

??????????? (??????????? ≪?????≫? ≪?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????≫? ???? ???????) ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????. ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????. ?? ?????? ? ????? ????? ?? ≪??????≫ ??? ???????. ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ? ????? ? ????? ? ???? ? ????? ? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????. ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????? (??? ???) ????. [??] ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???. [??] [??] ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? (????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????) ?? ?? ???? ???????? ? ?? ????? ???????????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????????.

???? ???? [ ?????? ]

?? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????????. ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ???: ≪??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???.≫

???????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

????? [ ?????? ]

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  2. ↑ "Sunnah of the Wedding Night" . 15 March 2008. Archived from the original on 17 March 2015.
  3. ↑ "Hadith 20 :: Modesty is from Faith" . 40hadithnawawi.com. Archived from the original on 10 August 2015 . Retrieved 27 July 2015 .
  4. ↑ "Marital privacy in Islam" . Archived from the original on 8 December 2015 . Retrieved 1 December 2015 .
  5. ↑ Bukhari, Book 3, Number 0649
  6. ↑ Myrne, Pernilla (2018). "Women and Men in al-Suy???'s Guides to Sex and Marriage" . Maml?k Studies Review . The Middle East Documentation Center (MEDOC) at the University of Chicago. XXI : 47?67. doi : 10.25846/26hn-gp87 . ISSN   1947-2404 .
  7. ↑ ???? ??????: ???? ??????:????? <ref> ? ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? CEII ???? ???? ???. (????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????.).
  8. ↑ ??? ??? "Circumcision of boys" . Religion & ethics ? Islam . BBC. 24 March 2006. Archived from the original on 5 March 2008 . Retrieved 29 July 2008 .
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  10. ↑ "Is Circumcision obligatory after conversion?" . Islamicinvitationcentre.com. Archived from the original on 27 December 2010 . Retrieved 20 May 2012 .
  11. ↑ "Religions ? Islam: Circumcision of boys" . BBC. 13 August 2009. Archived from the original on 29 June 2012 . Retrieved 26 February 2012 .
  12. ↑ Al-Halabi, Ali Ibn-Burhan-al-Din. Alsirah al-halabiyyah. Vol.1 Beirut: Al-maktabah al-islamiyyah. (n.d.): 54-5
  13. ↑ ???? ???? Masud, Islamic Legal Interpretation, Muftis and Their Fatwas , Harvard University Press, 1996
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  15. ↑ "Women in polygamous marriages suffering psychological torture ? Arab News" . Archived from the original on 2011-03-11 . Retrieved 2011-03-12 .
  16. ↑ "Getting Married" . Archived from the original on 2018-10-04 . Retrieved 2018-10-04 .
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  21. ↑ "Misyar now a widespread reality" . Arab News . 12 October 2014. Archived from the original on 2017. In a misyar marriage the woman waives some of the rights she would enjoy in a normal marriage. Most misyar brides don't change their residences but pursue marriage on a visitation basis.
  22. ↑ "Misyar Marriage". Al-Raida . Beirut University College, Institute for Women's Studies in the Arab World (92?99): 58. 2001.
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  24. ↑ al-Fataawa al-Islamiyyah, 3/145, 146, Kashf al-Qinaa’, 5/189, Al-Muhalla , 10/40, Kashf al-Qinaa’, 5/189
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  26. ↑ ???? ???? Leeman 2009 .
  27. ↑ ???? ???? Kassam, Zayn. "Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World" . Macmillan Reference USA . Retrieved 3 May 2013 . ???? ??????: ????? <ref> ???????? ??? ≪go.galegroup.com≫ ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???. (????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????.).
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  29. ↑ [ ????   ???? ??? ]
  30. ↑ Baugh, Carolyn. "Oxford Islamic Studies Online" . Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 8 September 2015.
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  33. ↑ Ali, Kecia (February 2017). "Concubinage and Consent" . International Journal of Middle East Studies (?? ???????). 49 (1): 148?152. doi : 10.1017/S0020743816001203 . ISSN   0020-7438 .
  34. ↑ "Al-Adab Al-Mufrad / Book-9 / Hadith-48" . quranx.com. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017 . Retrieved 7 June 2015 .
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  36. ↑ ???? ??????: ???? ??????:????? <ref> ? ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? Joseph 20062 ???? ???? ???. (????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????.).
  37. ↑ ???? ???? "View on Transgender ? IslamQA" . 9 May 2015. Archived from the original on 7 May 2017. ???? ??????: ????? <ref> ???????? ??? ≪Khuntha≫ ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???. (????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????.).
  38. ↑ "Ruling on marrying a man who is intersex or impotent, and the difference between them" . www.islamqa.info . Archived from the original on 2017-08-29.
  39. ↑ "Sex change operation ? IslamToday ? English" . en.islamtoday.net . Archived from the original on 2015-01-07.
  40. ↑ Dr. Hatem al-Haj (6 November 2008). "Fatwa-76792 ? Getting my tubes tied: female sterilization" . www.amjaonline.org . Archived from the original on 13 April 2018 . Retrieved 9 October 2018 .
  41. ↑ Sachedina, Zulie (1990). "Islam, Procreation and the Law" . International Family Planning Perspectives . 16 (3): 107?111. doi : 10.2307/2133308 . JSTOR   2133308 .
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  47. ↑ ???? ???? The Lawful And The Prohibited In Islam, Yusuf Al-Qardawi ? 1997
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  53. ↑ Marriage in Islam ? Part 1 ??????????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? Wayback Machine by Hussein Khalid Al-Hussein, Ph.D. Refer to: Section Al-`Alaqat Al-Mubahah (Allowed Relationships)
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  74. ↑ Sachedina, Zulie (1990). "Islam, Procreation and the Law" . International Family Planning Perspectives . 16 (3): 111.
  75. ↑ " (The matter of the Creation of) a human being is put together in the womb of the mother in forty days, and then he becomes a clot of thick blood for a similar period, and then a piece of flesh for a similar period. Then Allah sends an angel who is ordered to write four things...then the soul is breathed into him "

    ???? ????? , 4:54:430
  76. ↑ Ehrich, Tom (13 August 2006). "Where does God stand on abortion?" . USA Today . Archived from the original on 27 June 2012.
  77. ↑ ???? ??????: ???? ??????:????? <ref> ? ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? VRC ???? ???? ???. (????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????.).
  78. ↑ ???? ???? Semerdjian, Elyse (2009). "Zinah" . The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World . Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi : 10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001 . ISBN   978-0-19-530513-5 .
  79. ↑ ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????: ???? ??????:????? <ref> ? ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ill ???? ???? ???. (????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????.).
  80. ↑ ???? ??????: ???? ??????:????? <ref> ? ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? shahnaz ???? ???? ???. (????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????.).
  81. ↑ ???? ??????: ???? ??????:????? <ref> ? ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? Habeeb ???? ???? ???. (????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????.).
  82. ↑ Noor, Azman Mohd (1 January 2010). "Rape: A Problem of Crime Classification in Islamic Law". Arab Law Quarterly . 24 (4): 417?438. doi : 10.1163/157302510X526724 .
  83. ↑ ???? ???? ???? ???? Kassam, Zayn. "The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Law" . Oxford Islamic Studies Online. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 . Retrieved 3 May 2013 . ???? ??????: ????? <ref> ???????? ??? ≪Kassam≫ ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???. (????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????.).
  84. ↑ "From Marriage to Parenthood The Heavenly Path ? Chapter 2: Sexual Etiquette" . Al-Islam.org . 30 January 2013.
  85. ↑ ???? ???? ???? ???? Omar, Sara. "The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Law" . Oxford Islamic Studies Online. Archived from the original on 8 September 2015 . Retrieved 3 May 2013 .
  86. ↑ ???? ???? Rowson, Everett. "Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World" . Macmillan Reference USA . Retrieved 1 May 2013 .
  87. ↑ Camilla Adang (2003), Ibn Hazam on Homosexuality, Al Qantara , Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 5?31
  88. ↑ ???? ???? Stephen O. Murray and Will Roscoe (1997), Islamic Homosexualities: Culture, History, and Literature, ???? ‎?????????????? , New York University Press, pp. 88?94
  89. ↑ Mohamed S. El-Awa (1993), Punishment In Islamic Law, American Trust Publications, ???? ‎??????????????
  90. ↑ Bearman, P., ed. (1983). "Liw??". Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.). Brill. doi : 10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_4677 .
  91. ↑ See, for example, this website ??????????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ???? Wayback Machine
  92. ↑ "Homosexuality in the Light of Islam" ??????????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? Wayback Machine , 20 September 2003
  93. ↑ ???? ???? ???? Moosa, Ebrahim. "Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World" . Macmillan Reference USA.
  94. ↑ Was?'il al-Sh??a (?? ????). Hadith number 34467-34481. {{ cite encyclopedia }} : Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored ( |trans-title= suggested) ( help )
  95. ↑ ???? ??????: ???? ??????:????? <ref> ? ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? Ar ???? ???? ???. (????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????.).
  96. ↑ Rodriguez, Junius P. (1997). The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery (?? ???????). ABC-CLIO. p. 261. ISBN   978-0-87436-885-7 . Retrieved 26 May 2020 .
  97. ↑ Favazza, Armando R. (1996). Bodies Under Siege: Self-mutilation and Body Modification in Culture and Psychiatry (?? ???????). JHU Press. p. 182. ISBN   978-0-8018-5300-5 . Retrieved 26 May 2020 .

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  • Encyclopedia of Women & Islamic Cultures: Family, Law, and Politics . BRILL . 2003.

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