?? ?????????? ????????? ????
????? ?????
??
????? ?????
(??
?????????
:
Hernan Cortes
) (???? ???? - ??????? ? ?????? ????)
??????????
? ?????
?????????
? ???? ?????????
????
??
???? ??????
???.
?? ?? ???
???????
(?? ????? ?????
???????
???????) ?? ???? ???. ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ??
????? ??????
??? ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ??????
?????
?????? ??. ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ???
??????
??? ????.
????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ? ?????? ??? ?? ?????
????? ???????
(???? ????
?????
??????) ???? ??????. ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????
???????
?? ??? ???? ? ???? ????? ???? ????? ? ??
??????
??? ???? ?? ??????
???????
???
??????????
??????. ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ? ???????? ?? ???. ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????. ??
???
??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ?????. ?? ??? ????? ????? ??
???????
??????? ????? ???.
??????? ?????
?? ???? ???? ???.
- ↑
Hugh Thomas,
Conquest
, pp. 580?82.
- ↑
Hugh Thomas,
Conquest,
cites documents from the
residencia
against Cortes published by Ignacio Lopez Rayon,
Documentos para la historia de Mexico,
Mexico, 1852?3 and the documentation in the Archivo General de Indias (AGI), Justicia, leg. 220, ff. 316?42.</ref
- ↑
Robert Himmerich y Valencia,
The Encomenderos of New Spain, 1521?1555,
Austin: University of Texas Press 1991, 145?48.
- ↑
Francisco Lopez de Gomara,
Cortes: The Life of the Conqueror by His Secretary,
Ed. and trans. Lesley Byrd Simpson. Berkeley: University of California Press 1964, p. 408.
- ↑
Hugh Thomas,
Conquest
also included a summary of evidence found in the AGI, Justicia, leg. 224, p. 1 (f. 660v?722r), which is found on p. 635.
|
---|
?????
| |
---|
???????????? ???
| |
---|
??????? ????? ????
| |
---|
????????????? ?????????????
| |
---|
?????????? ????? ????
| |
---|
????
| |
---|
|
---|
|
???????
|
---|
- Kingdoms of
??????? ????
,
??????? ?????
and
????????
- ???????? ?????
- ???? ????
- Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northernmost France
- ?????-????
- ??????? ?????
- Philippines
- ??? ???? ???????
(Guam, Mariana, Caroline, Palau, Marshall, Micronesia, Moluccas)
- Northern Taiwan
- Tidore
- Florida
- ???????? ??
(Western United States, Mexico, Central America, Spanish Caribbean)
- Spanish Louisiana
(Central United States)
- Coastal Alaska
- Haiti
- Belize
- Jamaica
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Venezuela, Western Guyana
- New Granada
(Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, a northernmost portion of Brazilian Amazon)
- Peru
(Peru,
????
)
- Rio de la Plata
(Argentina, Paraguay,
Charcas
(Bolivia),
Banda Oriental
(Uruguay),
Falkland Islands
)
- Chile
- ???? ?????????
- North Africa
(
?????? ???????
,
???? (???)
,
?????? ???????
,
Penon of Algiers
,
????? ???????
,
Spanish Morocco
,
Ifni
and
Cape Juby
)
|
|
|
|
|
?????
|
---|
Armies
| |
---|
Strategists
| |
---|
Mariners
| |
---|
??????????
s
| |
---|
Notable battles
| |
---|
|
|
|
|