Zoratama , also spelled as Soratama , was a Muisca woman and the lover of Spanish conquistador Lazaro Fonte . Her story reminds of the North American indigenous Pocahontas who married John Rolfe after saving the life of John Smith .

Together with Lazaro Fonte, Zoratama was forced in exile and settled in Pasca , Cundinamarca , in the south of the Muisca territory. After informing conquistador Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada of the arrival of new conquistadors, they were taken back to the newly founded capital Bogota of the New Kingdom of Granada .

According to legend, Zoratama committed suicide and infanticide by drowning herself and her son in sacred Lake Guatavita .

Background [ edit ]

In the times before the Spanish conquest of present-day Colombia , the Altiplano Cundiboyacense was inhabited by the Muisca people . They were organised in a loose confederation of rulers ( caciques ) and had a total population according to scholars between 300,000 and two million people. The Muisca were an indigenous group of traders and farmers .

The southern part of the Muisca Confederation was ruled by the zipa , based in Bacata , the present-day capital of Colombia Bogota. The zipa who reigned at the arrival of the Spanish was Tisquesusa . His rule extended over the Bogota savanna and neighbouring mountains of the Eastern Ranges with southernmost village Pasca , bordered to the south by the territories of the Sutagao people .

In Santa Marta , 1536, conquistador Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada , triggered by the legend of El Dorado , set foot with an army of around 800 men towards the interior of Colombia. One of his captains was Lazaro Fonte.

Biography [ edit ]

Zoratama was born in the town of Guatavita in the Muisca Confederation . ^[1] She moved to the capital of the southern Muisca, Bacata before the Spanish conquest. When the Spanish conquerors arrived in Bacata, they found the town almost deserted as Tisquesusa, informed about the arrival of the European invaders, had fled with his guecha warriors to Nemocon . Zoratama stayed in Bacata and was found by the troops of De Quesada. She fell in love with his captain Lazaro Fonte. ^[2]

Soldiers in the army of De Quesada spread rumours about Fonte; that he had hidden emeralds from him. In an improvised lawsuit, Fonte would be convicted and punished with the death penalty , but thanks to his "lawyer"; captain Gonzalo Suarez Rendon he escaped that fate. Instead, he was forced to exile to the terrain of the Panche to the west of the Muisca territories. In January 1539, Fonte managed to change his location of exile to Pasca, Cundinamarca and took Zoratama with him. ^[3]

The centre of Pasca was deserted as well, as the inhabitants feared the Spanish conquerors, and Fonte and Zoratama were left in one of the bohios of the village. Some of the indigenous people remained in Pasca and took care of Zoratama and her lover. When in Pasca, news reached Fonte that new Spanish conquistadores were entering Muisca terrain; from later Venezuela Nicolas de Federmann and from the south Sebastian de Belalcazar . ^[3]

Fonte wrote on a piece of deer skin the news and sent Zoratama back to Bacata to inform De Quesada of the arrival of the other conquistadores. De Quesada pardoned Fonte and via Gonzalo Suarez Rendon gave him back his weapons. ^[4]

Zoratama and Fonte got one son together; a mestizo child of the Spanish and indigenous. Fonte was sent on expedition to search for El Dorado in Putumayo and Amazonas in the south of present-day Colombia. He formed part of the army of Hernan Perez de Quesada , brother of Gonzalo. Due to fever and hunger in the inhospitable jungle of the area, Fonte died. ^[4]

Governor Alonso Luis de Lugo expelled Zoratama from the encomienda she was guarding and with her son she went to Caqueza and Choachi , trying to gain income by selling firewood. Zoratama went further north to her hometown Guatavita and according to legend she drowned herself and her son in Lake Guatavita , like the cacica Guatavita had done centuries before. ^[4]

Named after Zoratama [ edit ]

• Zoratama, a rural school in Pasca ^[5]
• Soratama, a neighbourhood, creek ( quebrada ) and quarry in the locality of Bogota Usaquen ^{[6] [7] [8]}

Trivia [ edit ]

• Zoratama is named in the hymn of the town of Pasca, Cundinamarca ^[9]
• Choreographer Fernando Gonzalez Cajiao composed a street dance about the Muisca, including Zoratama ^[10]

See also [ edit ]

• Spanish conquest of the Muisca
• Muisca
• Muisca women

References [ edit ]

Bibliography [ edit ]

• Ocampo Lopez , Javier (1996). Leyendas populares colombianas [ Popular Colombian legends ] (in Spanish). Plaza y Janes Editores. pp. 1?384. ISBN   9789581402670 . Retrieved 2016-07-08 .