Yaqut al-Hamawi

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Yaqut ibn-'Abdullah al-Rumi al-Hamawi
Personal
Born 1179
Constantinople , Byzantine Empire
(modern-day Istanbul , Turkey )
Died 1229 (aged 49–50)
Aleppo , Zengid Empire
(modern-day Syria )
Religion Islam
Era Later Abbasid era (12th?13th century)
Region Mesopotamia
Main interest(s) Islamic history , geography , biography

Y?q?t Shih?b al-D?n [1] ibn-?Abdull?h al-R?m? al-?amaw? (1179?1229) ( Arabic : ????? ?????? ?????? ) was a Muslim scholar of Byzantine ancestry [2] active during the late Abbasid period (12th?13th centuries). He is known for his Mu'jam ul-Buld?n , an influential work on geography containing valuable information pertaining to biography , history and literature as well as geography. [3] [4]

Life [ edit ]

Y?q?t ( ruby or hyacinth ) was the kunya of Ibn Abdull?h ("son of Abdull?h "). He was born in Constantinople , the capital of the Byzantine Empire , called in Arabic al-R?m , whence his nisba "al-R?mi". [2] Captured in war and enslaved, [2] Y?q?t became " mawali " [note 1] to ‘Askar ibn Ab? Na?r al-?amaw?, a trader of Baghdad , Iraq , the seat of the Abbasid Caliphate , from whom he received the laqab "al-Hamaw?". As ‘Askar's apprentice, he learned about accounting and commerce, becoming his envoy on trade missions and travelling twice or three times to Kish in the Persian Gulf . [5] In 1194, ‘Askar stopped his salary over some dispute and Y?q?t found work as copyist to support himself. He embarked on a course of study under the grammarian Al-‘Ukbari . Five years later he was on another mission to Kish for ‘Askar. On his return to Baghdad he set up as a bookseller and began his writing career. [6]

Y?q?t spent ten years travelling in Persia , Syria , and Egypt and his significance as a scholar lies in his testimony of the great, and largely lost, literary heritage found in libraries east of the Caspian Sea , being one of the last visitors before their destruction by Mongol invaders . He gained much material from the libraries of the ancient cities of Merv (in present-day Turkmenistan ) – where he had studied for two years [7]  – and of Balkh . Circa 1222, he was working on his "Geography" in Mosul and completed the first draft in 1224. In 1227 he was in Alexandria . From there he moved to Aleppo , where he died in 1229. [6]

Works [ edit ]

Maracid ; a 6-volume Latin edition by Theodor Juynboll , published as Lexicon geographicum, cui titulus est, Marasid al ittila’ ‘ala asma’ al-amkina wa-l-biqa , in 1852. vol.3, archive.org

Commentary [ edit ]

  • Heer, Friedrich Justus (1898). Die historischen und geographischen Quellen in J?q?t's geographischem Worterbuch (in Arabic and German). Strassburg : K.J. Trubner.
  • Abdullah, Muhammad A.H. (1983). "Yaqut al-Hamawi, the Man and His Work Mu'jam al-buldan" (Thesis). Ypsilanti: Eastern Michigan University.
  • ‘Abd al-Karim, Gamal (1974). "La Espana musulmana en la obra de Yaqut (s. XII[-]XIII)". repertorio enciclopedico de ciudades, castillos y lugares de al-Andalus: extraido del Mu’yam al-buldan (diccionario de los paises) . Granada: University of Granada.
  • ‘Abd al-Karim, Gamal (1977), Terminologia geografico-administrativa e historia politico-cultural de al-Andalus en el Mu'yam al-buldan de Yaqut (3rd ed.), Seville: University of Seville
  • Blachere, Regis (1936) [1913]. "Yaqut al-Rumi, 1153[-]54". In M.T. Houtsma; et al. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam . Vol. 4 (1st ed.). Leiden : E.J. Brill.
  • Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1861), Dictionnaire geographique, historique et litteraire de la Perse et des contrees adjacentes, extrait du Modjem el-Bouldan de Yaqout, et complete a l'aide de documents arabes et persans pour la plupart inedits , Paris: Imprimerie Imperiale
  • Bloch, Ernst (1929), Harawis Schrift uber die muhammedanischen Wallfahrtsorte, eine der Quellen des Jaqut , Bonn: Verein Studentenwohl
  • Dib, al-Sayyid, Muhammad (1988), Yaqut al-Hamawi: 'adiban wa-naqidan , Cairo: Dar al-Tiba’ah al-Muhammadiyah
  • Elahie, R.M.N.E. (1965), The Life and Works of Yaqut ibn Abd Allah al-Hamawi , Lahore: Panjab University Press
  • Heer, F. Justus (1898), Die historischen und geographischen Quellen in Jaqut's geographischem Worterbuch , Strassburg: K.J. Trubner
  • The Introductory Chapters of Yaqut's Mu'jam al-Buldan , translated by Jwaideh, Wadie, Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1987 [1959]
  • Krachkovskii, I.J. (1957), "Izbrannye sochineniia", Arabskaia Geograficheskaia Literatura , 4 , Moscow: Akademiia Nauk SSSR
  • Maqbul Ahmad, Seyyed (1980) [1970], " "Yaqut al-Hamawi al-Rumi" ", in Coulston Gillispe, Charles (ed.), Dictionary of Scientific Biography , vol. 14: 546[-]48, New York: Scribner
  • Marun, Jurj Khalil (1997), Shu'ara' al-amkinah wa-ash'aruhum fi Mu'jam al-buldan , vol. 2, Beirut: al-Maktabah al-’Asriyah
  • Rescher, Oskar (1928), Sachindex zu Wustenfeld's Ausgabe von Jaqut's "Mu'gam el-buldan" (nebst einem alfabetischen Verzeichnis der darin angefuhrten Werke) , Stuttgart: Harrassowitz
  • Sa’di, ‘Abbas Fadil (1992), Yaqut al-Hamawi: dirasah fi al-turath al-jughrafi al-'arabi ma'a al-tarkiz 'ala al-'Iraq fi Mu'jam al-buldan , Beirut: Dar al-Tali’ah lil-Tiba’ah wa-al-Nashr
  • Sellheim, Rudolf (1966). Voigt, Wolfgang (ed.). "Neue Materialien zur Biographie des Yaqut". Forschungen und Fortschritte der Katalogisierung der Orientalischen Handschriften in Deutschland . Wiesbaden: Steiner: xvi[?]xxxiv.
  • Shami, ‘Abd al-Al ‘Abd al-Mu’nim (1981), Mudun Misr wa-quraha 'inda Yaqut al-Hamawi , Kuwait: al-Jam’iyah al-Jughrafiyah al-Kuwaytiyah
  • Shamsuddin, Ahmad (1993), Faharis mu'jam al-udaba', aw, Irshad al-arib ila ma'rifat al-adib , Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyah
  • Tawanisi, Abu al-Futuh Muhammad (1971), Yaqut al-Hamawi: al-jughrafi al-rahhalah al-adib , Cairo: al-Hay’ah al-Misriyah al-’Ammah lil-Ta’lif wa-al-Nashr
  • ‘Umari, Muhammad Abu ‘Abd Allah (1994), Ithaf al-khillan bi-ma'arif Mu'jam al-buldan , vol. 2, Riyadh: Dar al-Sumay’i

See also [ edit ]

Notes [ edit ]

  1. ^ The term "mawali" can be translated as client, apprentice or slave.

References [ edit ]

  1. ^ Dodge , Bayard, ed. (1970). The Fihrist of al-Nadim . Vol. 2. New York & London: Columbia University Press. p. 902.
  2. ^ a b c "The Dictionary of Countries" . World Digital Library . Retrieved 5 October 2015 .
  3. ^ David C. Conrad, Empires of Medieval West Africa: Ghana, Mali, and Songhay , (Shoreline Publishing, 2005), 26.
  4. ^ Ludwig W. Adamec, The A to Z of Islam , (Scarecrow Press, 2009), 333.
  5. ^ cf. F. Wustenfeld, " Jacut's Reisen " in the Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft , vol xviii. pp. 397?493
  6. ^ a b c   One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Chisholm, Hugh , ed. (1911). " Y?q?t ". Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 904.
  7. ^ Homework Help, Book Summaries, Study Guides, Essays, Lesson Plans, & Educational Resources . BookRags.com. 2010-11-02 . Retrieved 2012-11-20 .

External links [ edit ]

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