From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Consonantal sound
Voiced alveolar velar click
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Voiced alveolar uvular click
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The
voiced (post)alveolar click
is a
click consonant
found primarily among the languages of southern Africa. The symbol in the
International Phonetic Alphabet
for a voiced alveolar click with a
velar
rear articulation is ⟨
???
⟩ or ⟨
???
⟩, commonly abbreviated to ⟨
??
⟩, ⟨
??
⟩ or ⟨
??
⟩; a symbol abandoned by the IPA but still preferred by some linguists is ⟨
???
⟩ or ⟨
???
⟩, abbreviated ⟨
??
⟩, ⟨
??
⟩ or ⟨
??
⟩. For a click with a
uvular
rear articulation, the equivalents are ⟨
???, ???, ??, ???
⟩ and ⟨
???, ???, ??, ???
⟩.
Sometimes the accompanying letter comes after the click letter, e.g. ⟨
??
⟩ or ⟨
??
⟩; this may be a simple orthographic choice, or it may imply a difference in the relative timing of the releases.
[2]
In languages which use the Bantu letters for clicks, this is most commonly written
⟨gq⟩
, but it is written
⟨dq⟩
in those languages that use
⟨g⟩
for the
uvular fricative
.
Features
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]
Features of the voiced (post)alveolar click:
- The
airstream mechanism
is
lingual ingressive
(also known as velaric ingressive), which means a pocket of air trapped between two closures is rarefied by a "sucking" action of the tongue, rather than being moved by the
glottis
or the
lungs
/
diaphragm
. The release of the forward closure produces the "click" sound. Voiced and nasal clicks have a simultaneous
pulmonic egressive
airstream.
- Its
place of articulation
is
alveolar
, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the
alveolar ridge
, termed respectively
apical
and
laminal
.
- Its
phonation
is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is an
oral consonant
, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- It is a
central consonant
, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
Occurrence
[
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]
Voiced alveolar clicks are found primarily in the various
Khoisan
language families of southern Africa and in some neighboring
Bantu languages
.
[3]
Language
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Word
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IPA
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Meaning
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Naro
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dq
oma tcg'oo
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[???om?
k??qχ??ː]
=
[??om?
???χ??ː]
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(place name)
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Sandawe
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gq
akina
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[???ak?ina]
=
[??ak?ina]
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'to carry hidden'
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Yeyi
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ka
g?
awa
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[ka???awa]
=
[ka??awa]
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'calabash'
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References
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IPA topics
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IPA
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Special topics
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Encodings
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