USA-207

USA-207
	PAN mission patch
Mission type	SIGINT
COSPAR ID	2009-047A
SATCAT no.	35815
Spacecraft properties
Bus	A2100
Manufacturer	Lockheed Martin
Start of mission
Launch date	8 September 2009, 21:35:00 UTC
Rocket	Atlas V 401
Launch site	Cape Canaveral SLC-41
Contractor	ULA
Orbital parameters
Reference system	Geocentric
Regime	Geostationary
Perigee altitude	35,778 kilometers (22,231 mi)
Apogee altitude	35,807 kilometers (22,249 mi)
Inclination	0.09 degrees
Period	1436.12 minutes
Epoch	10 January 2015, 14:22:18 UTC

USA-207 , ^[4] international COSPAR code 2009-047A , ^[5] also known as PAN , officially meaning Palladium At Night , ^[6] NEMESIS I, ^[7] or P360 ^[8] is a classified American SIGINT satellite, ^[7] which was launched in September 2009. The US government has not confirmed which of its intelligence agencies operate the satellite, ^[9] but leaked documents from the Snowden files point to the NSA . ^[10] The spacecraft was constructed by Lockheed Martin , and is based on the A2100 satellite bus , ^[6] using commercial off-the-shelf components. ^[8] The contract to build PAN was awarded in October 2006, with the satellite initially scheduled to launch 30 months later, in March 2009. ^[11]

PAN was launched by United Launch Alliance using an Atlas V 401 carrier rocket, with the serial number AV-018. The launch, from Space Launch Complex 41 at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station , occurred at 21:35 GMT on 8 September 2009, at the start of a 129-minute launch window. ^[12] PAN successfully separated from the rocket just under two hours after liftoff. ^[13]

PAN has shown an unusual history of frequent relocations during the first 5 years of its operations, moving between at least 9 different orbital slots since launch. With each move, it was placed close to another commercial communications satellite. ^[7] From 2013 onwards it was located at 47.7 deg E., over East Africa, staying in that position for several years. In February 2021 it started a slow drift eastwards. ^[14]

Gallery [ edit ]

References [ edit ]

^ Ray, Justin (9 July 2009). "Atlas rocket team continues active year of launches" . Spaceflight Now . Retrieved 31 August 2009 .
^ McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log" . Jonathan's Space Page . Retrieved 21 January 2014 .
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Peat, Chris (10 January 2015). "USA 207 - Orbit" . Heavens-Above . Retrieved 25 January 2015 .
^ McDowell, Jonathan (10 September 2009). "Issue 615" . Jonathan's Space Report . Jonathan's Space Page. Archived from the original on 15 September 2009 . Retrieved 11 September 2009 .
^ "Spacewarn Bulletin Issue 671" . NASA NSSDC. 30 September 2009 . Retrieved 6 July 2011 .
^ ^a ^b Day, Dwayne (24 August 2009). "PAN's labyrinth" . The Space Review . Retrieved 31 August 2009 .
^ ^a ^b ^c Langbroek, Marco (31 October 2016). "A NEMESIS in the sky. PAN, Mentor 4 and close encounters of the SIGINT kind" . The Space Review . Retrieved 27 November 2016 .
^ ^a ^b "New Horizons" (PDF) . Lockheed Martin. December 2007. p. 7 (5 of PDF) . Retrieved 6 September 2009 . ^{[
permanent dead link
]}
^ Covault, Craig (26 May 2009). "Secret PAN satellite leads Cape milspace launch surge" . Spaceflight Now . Retrieved 31 August 2009 .
^ "Inside Menwith Hill. The NSA's British Base at the Heart of U.S. Targeted Killing" . The Intercept . 6 September 2016 . Retrieved 8 February 2022 .
^ "Highlights" (PDF) . Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company. Spring 2007. pp. 28 (29 of PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 June 2011 . Retrieved 6 September 2009 .
^ Clark, Stephen. "Worldwide Launch Schedule" . Spaceflight Now . Retrieved 31 August 2009 .
^ Malik, Tariq (30 August 2009). "Atlas 5 Rocket to Secret Satellite [ sic ]" . Space.com. Archived from the original on 16 August 2009 . Retrieved 31 August 2009 .
^ Langbroek, Marco (14 September 2021). "PAN (NEMESIS 1) is on the move again" . SatTrackCam Blog . SatTrackCam Leiden . Retrieved 8 February 2022 .

[SFN-0907-1] Ray, Justin (9 July 2009). "Atlas rocket team continues active year of launches" . Spaceflight Now . Retrieved 31 August 2009 .

[launchlog-2] McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log" . Jonathan's Space Page . Retrieved 21 January 2014 .

[heavens-above-3] Peat, Chris (10 January 2015). "USA 207 - Orbit" . Heavens-Above . Retrieved 25 January 2015 .

[JSR-615-4] McDowell, Jonathan (10 September 2009). "Issue 615" . Jonathan's Space Report . Jonathan's Space Page. Archived from the original on 15 September 2009 . Retrieved 11 September 2009 .

[SWB-671-5] "Spacewarn Bulletin Issue 671" . NASA NSSDC. 30 September 2009 . Retrieved 6 July 2011 .

[TSR-6] Day, Dwayne (24 August 2009). "PAN's labyrinth" . The Space Review . Retrieved 31 August 2009 .

[TSRL-7] Langbroek, Marco (31 October 2016). "A NEMESIS in the sky. PAN, Mentor 4 and close encounters of the SIGINT kind" . The Space Review . Retrieved 27 November 2016 .

[NH-8] "New Horizons" (PDF) . Lockheed Martin. December 2007. p. 7 (5 of PDF) . Retrieved 6 September 2009 . ^{[
permanent dead link
]}

[SFN-2605-9] Covault, Craig (26 May 2009). "Secret PAN satellite leads Cape milspace launch surge" . Spaceflight Now . Retrieved 31 August 2009 .

[intercept-10] "Inside Menwith Hill. The NSA's British Base at the Heart of U.S. Targeted Killing" . The Intercept . 6 September 2016 . Retrieved 8 February 2022 .

[Highlights-11] "Highlights" (PDF) . Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company. Spring 2007. pp. 28 (29 of PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 June 2011 . Retrieved 6 September 2009 .

[SFN-LS-12] Clark, Stephen. "Worldwide Launch Schedule" . Spaceflight Now . Retrieved 31 August 2009 .

[SC-NextLaunch-13] Malik, Tariq (30 August 2009). "Atlas 5 Rocket to Secret Satellite [ sic ]" . Space.com. Archived from the original on 16 August 2009 . Retrieved 31 August 2009 .

[STC-14] Langbroek, Marco (14 September 2021). "PAN (NEMESIS 1) is on the move again" . SatTrackCam Blog . SatTrackCam Leiden . Retrieved 8 February 2022 .

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v t e ← 2008 Orbital launches in 2009 2010 →
January	USA-202 / Orion 6 Ibuki , Kukai , SDS-1 , Sohla-1 Koronas-Foton
February	Omid NOAA-19 Progress M-66 Ekspress-AM44 , Ekspress-MD1 Hot Bird 10 , NSS-9 , Spirale-A , Spirale-B OCO Telstar 11N Raduga-1
March	Kepler STS-119 ( ITS S6 ) GOCE USA-203 Soyuz TMA-14
April	Eutelsat W2A USA-204 Kwangmy?ngs?ng-2 Compass-G2 RISAT-2 , ANUSAT SICRAL 1B Yaogan 6 Kosmos 2450
May	USA-205 Progress M-02M STS-125 Herschel , Planck ProtoStar 2 TacSat-3 , PharmaSat , AeroCube-3 , HawkSat-1 , CP6 Meridian 2 Soyuz TMA-15
June	LRO , LCROSS MEASAT-3a GOES 14 Sirius FM-5
July	TerreStar-1 Kosmos 2451 , Kosmos 2452 , Kosmos 2453 RazakSAT STS-127 ( JEM-EF , AggieSat 2 , BEVO-1 , Castor , Pollux ) Kosmos 2454 , Sterkh No.11L Progress M-67 DubaiSat-1 , Deimos-1 , UK-DMC 2 , Nanosat-1B , AprizeSat-3 , AprizeSat-4
August	AsiaSat 5 USA-206 JCSAT-RA , Optus D3 STSat-2A STS-128 ( Leonardo MPLM ) Palapa-D
September	USA-207 / PAN HTV-1 Meteor-M No.1 , BLITS , Sterkh-2 , SumbandilaSat , UGATUSAT , Universitetsky-Tatyana-2 Nimiq 5 Oceansat-2 , Rubin 9.1 , Rubin 9.2 , BeeSat-1 , UWE-2 , ITU-pSat1 , SwissCube-1 USA-208 / STSS-Demo 1 , USA-209 / STSS-Demo 2 Soyuz TMA-16
October	Amazonas-2 , COMSATBw-1 WorldView-2 Progress M-03M USA-210 Thor 6 , NSS-12
November	SMOS , PROBA-2 Progress M-MIM2 ( Poisk ) Shijian 11-01 STS-129 ( ExPRESS-1 , ExPRESS-2 ) Kosmos 2455 Intelsat 14 Eutelsat W7 IGS Optical 3 Intelsat 15
December	USA-211 Yaogan 7 Kosmos 2456 , Kosmos 2457 , Kosmos 2458 Yaogan 8 , Xi Wang 1 Helios IIB Soyuz TMA-17 DirecTV-12
Launches are separated by dots ( ? ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ). Crewed flights are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).